Fur Trade and Indigenous Peoples in BC Unit 2 AVS

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the Fur Trade and Indigenous Peoples in British Columbia, based on the lecture notes provided.

proto-contact

The period before the first European contact with Indigenous peoples.

Describe some features of Northwest culture group during this time?

They enjoyed prolonged isolation of European invasion, they continued to thrive, longhouse

Subarctic cultural group

Smaller population, horticulture

Interior Plateau group

Riverine resources, salmon runs, kekuli or pithouses

Who is cheif maquinna?

Gatekeeper of Pacific Northwest, middle man between Europeans and Spanish trading affairs

Why was sea otter fur so desirable?

It’s warm and waterproof

Women’s traditional role

Held power, respected key part of fur trade

Problem with Douglas treaties

Not sure if FN’s understood the terms as English is not their first language

What happened with the gunboat violence?

They used boats to destroy villages when FN’s people retaliated

Caribou Gold rush impact

People came in and had little to no respect for FN’s people

Annexation

Addition to land on reserve

BC and the confederation

Joined Canada if there was a wagon road made form bc to the dominion

Indian Act 1876 problems

Excludes Métis and Inuit, women lose status if they marry someone without status, they were banned from voting

Traditional territory

Very large, everywhere their ancestors lived

What did FN’s do to resist the banning of the potlach

Kept it underground, refused to be silenced, some people even got arrested

What was wrong with the land indigenous gained?

It was not as valuable as the land they lost.

What did Bill 13 allow

Reduction of reserves without indigenous consent

1951 Indian Act revisions

Allowed to vote.

Double mother

Revoked a child’s status on 21 birthday if their mother and grandmother didn’t both qualify

What did the white paper have on it (1969)

Remove ‘Indian’ as distinct status. assimilating actions.

Calder Case what did the Nigsa Nation argue

That they never formally gave up their lands in the Nass Valleyb

What was the final outcome of the Calder case

In 1988 the Nisga signed the first treaty in bc since treaty 8

What was Sparrow arrested for?

Arrested for his drif net

What was the result of sparrow case?

He won in Supreme Court the ruling lead to a sparrow test still used today

What did FN’s take the Delgamukw case to court?

Wanted the province to recognize indigenous peoples tittle to traditional territory

Is bill C-31 a step forward

Yes as women don’t lose there status if they marry someone without status or outside of there tribe

smallpox

A viral disease that devastated Indigenous populations during the fur trade era.

epidemic

A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community.

longhouse

A traditional style of home used by some Indigenous peoples, often large enough to house multiple families.

winter villages

Seasonal settlements used by Indigenous groups to take advantage of resources during the winter.

eulachon fish

A small fish, important for food and trade among Indigenous peoples in the Pacific Northwest.

Northwest Passage

A sea route through the Arctic, sought after by explorers and traders.

patriarchal Indigenous societies

Social structures in which men hold primary power, affecting gender roles and leadership.

Royal Proclamation

A significant document issued in 1763, outlining Indigenous rights and British colonial governance.

treaty

A formal agreement between two or more sovereign nations; often regarding land and rights.

land title

The legal right to own, use, and transfer property.

mandate

An official order or commission to do something.

monopoly

The exclusive control of a commodity or service in a market.

boom town

A community that experiences sudden growth due to economic opportunities.

sluicing

A method used in gold mining involving washing materials to separate gold.

cultural genocide

Actions aimed at destroying the cultural identity of a group.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

A commission established to address the legacy of residential schools and promote healing.

reserve

Lands set aside for Indigenous peoples, which differ from traditional territories.