Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Lecture Notes

A series of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to gymnosperms and angiosperms from the lecture notes.

Gymnosperms

A group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, and ginkgoes, characterized by seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary.

Pinus

A genus of coniferous trees, commonly known as pines, which are part of the Phylum Coniferophyta.

Pollen Grain

The male gametophyte in seed plants, which develops from a microspore.

Microsporangium

A structure in seed plants where microspores are produced; develops into pollen grains.

Megasporangium

A structure that produces megaspores which develop into female gametophytes, found in ovulate cones.

Staminate Cone

A cone that produces pollen or male gametes in gymnosperms.

Ovulate Cone

A cone that produces ovules or female gametes in gymnosperms.

Double Fertilization

A unique process in angiosperms where one sperm fertilizes the egg to form a zygote, and another sperm fuses with two polar nuclei to form triploid endosperm.

Cuticle

A waxy layer covering the epidermis of leaves and stems, helping to reduce water loss.

Stomata

Small openings on the surfaces of leaves and stems that allow for gas exchange.

Vascular Bundles

Structures containing xylem and phloem that transport water, nutrients, and food within plants.

Angiosperms

A group of flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.

Carpel

The female reproductive part of a flower, consisting of the ovary, style, and stigma.

Filament

The stalk of a stamen that supports the anther, where pollen is produced.

Ovule

The structure within the ovary of a seed plant that develops into a seed after fertilization.

Fleshy Seed

A type of seed that has a soft, edible pericarp when mature.

Aggregate Fruit

A fruit that develops from multiple ovaries of a single flower, such as strawberries.

Pome

A type of fruit with a core of several small seeds, surrounded by a thick layer of fleshy tissue, such as apples.

Drupe

A fruit with a single hard seed surrounded by fleshy tissue, such as cherries.

Nut

A hard-shelled fruit that does not split open at maturity, typically containing one seed.