Exam 2 Study Guide: Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span

These flashcards cover key concepts from chapters on preschoolers, school-age children, and adolescents, including growth patterns, developmental stages, and health promotion.

Growth of Preschoolers (Ages 3–6 years)

Slows to 4–5 lbs/year and 2.5–3 inches/year.

Gross Motor Skills for Preschoolers

At age 3, can ride a tricycle; at age 5, can jump rope; at age 6, can ride a bicycle.

Piaget's Preoperational Stage

Characterized by egocentrism, animism, centration, and magical thinking.

Erikson's Stage for Preschoolers

Initiative vs Guilt - develops purpose; may feel guilt if overcontrolled.

Common Fears in Preschoolers

Fear of darkness, monsters, and abandonment.

Types of Play for Preschoolers

Engage in associative and dramatic play.

Language Development in Preschoolers

Vocabulary expands from 900 to 2,100 words, showing growth in expressive and receptive language.

Nutritional Needs for Preschoolers

Require 90 kcal/kg/day; often considered picky eaters; fluoride is important for dental health.

Sleep Recommendations for Preschoolers

Need 10–12 hours of sleep per night; bedtime resistance is common.

Health Promotion Activities for Preschoolers

Focus on safety, dental care, and immunizations.

Growth of School-Age Children (Ages 6–12 years)

Grow 2–3 inches/year and gain 4–6 lbs/year, with improved coordination.

Piaget's Concrete Operations Stage

Involves conservation, classification, and reversibility.

Erikson's Stage for School-Age Children

Industry vs Inferiority - success builds competence.

Types of Play for School-Age Children

Engage in cooperative, rule-based games.

Nutritional Needs for School-Age Children

Balanced diet necessary; at risk for obesity influenced by fast food.

Common Health Issues in School-Age Children

Includes ADHD, enuresis, encopresis, and somatization.

Sleep Recommendations for School-Age Children

Need 9–12 hours of sleep; some may have disturbances.

Growth and Developmental Milestones for Adolescents (Ages 12–18 years)

Includes puberty and growth spurts; girls 10–14, boys 12–16.

Piaget's Formal Operations Stage

Characterized by abstract and logical thought.

Erikson's Stage for Adolescents

Identity vs Role Confusion - focused on identity formation.

Egocentrism in Adolescents

Exhibited through imaginary audience and personal fable beliefs.

Sleep Recommendations for Adolescents

Need 8–10 hours of sleep; disturbances are common.

Health Risks for Adolescents

Includes depression, suicide risk, eating disorders, and acne.

Nutritional Needs for Adolescents

Focus on body image; includes awareness of eating disorders.

Reproductive Health Concerns for Adolescents

Risks associated with pregnancy and importance of STI prevention.