Rome is also known as
The City on Seven Hills
The founders of Rome
Latins
Three groups that helped influence Rome
Latins
Etruscans
Greeks
Etruscan influences on Rome
Artistic Style
Road building techniques
Alphabet
Greek influences on Rome
Government
Greek and Roman architecture
Religion
The early Roman government
Republic
republics also known as
“representative democracy”
“indirect democracy”
the citizens part in republic
elect representatives
the beginning of true Rome
509 BC
Progressive elements of Roman Republic
Checks and Balances
Separation of Powers
“Branches” of gov’t
Term limits
The executive branch consists of
consul, censor, aedile, quastor
facts about the consuls
2 of them
one year terms
commander-in-chief
veto power over other consuls
appoint dictators
veto meaning and end goal
“I forbid”
no one is a dictator
facts about censors
2 of them
18-month terms
census takers
supervise moral conduct
facts about aediles
4 of them
public works
public entertainment
supervise moral conduct
facts about quastor
20 of them
treasurers
made up the legislative branch
senate, tribunes, popular assembly
facts about senate
300 of them
made up of wealthy men
composed of patricians
controlled public funds
controlled foreign policy
word origin
senex - “old man”
aristocrats names in Rome
Patricians
non-aristocrats in Rome
Plebeians
facts about tribunes
10 elected by popular assembly
veto power over senate and officials
tribunes are the most targeted
by violence and bribery from senate and officials
facts about popular assembly
several different assemblies
composed largely of plebeians
passed laws
declared war/peace
gets weaker as the senate gets stronger
elected tribunes
made up the judicial branch
praetors
facts about praetors
during war
commanded armies
during peace
oversaw the legal system
interpreted legal questions + rulings
facts about dictators
6-month terms in times of emergencies
given full military and judicial authority
cincinnatus
appointed twice
did his job and gave power right back
checks and balances
a system that ensures no one branch or official will overpower the government
examples in Rome
consuls can veto each other
tribunes can veto senate/officials
consuls must rule with advice of senate/officials
consuls must seek legal guidance of praetors
the conflict of the orders
struggle between roman social classes
patricians
aristocrats/nobles
controlled government of legal system
plebeians
all non-patricians
could not hold high office (just assemblies)
could not know the laws - so they didn’t know if they were breaking them and they were being punished and not knowing why
overtime
plebeians fight for more rights
450 BC
the twelve tablets
what were the twelve tablets
Roman law displayed for the first time, though plebeians gain rights, government remains unbalanced
problems in the republic
class conflict
senate will become too powerful
dictators - have potential for abuse
Romes biggest rival
Carthage
facts about Carthage and why they were considered a superpower
big trade power
wealth
center of ideas
International connections
large population
apartment buildings
limestone
plumbing system
massive harbor
merchants and navy
exploration and conquering
made them very big/expand
ancient name of France
Gual
one of the rivers that formed Rome’s boundary with the Germanic lands
Danubi
one of the rivers that formed Rome’s boundary Germanic lands
Rhine
mountain range just north of the Italian peninsula
Alps
river that flows through Rome
Tiber
built upon seven ______
hills