kissing bug

What is the name of Daisy's aunt? (pg. 1)

Tia Dora (Daisy's mother sister)

What was the disease Tia Dora had? (pg. 1)

Chagas

What is Chagas disease? (pg. 2)

a parasitic disease

What is the vector (organism that transmits the disease)? (pg.2)

How is Chagas transmitted? (pg.2)

Chagas is transmitted to humans by triatomine insects called kissing bugs

What causes the Chagas disease? (pg.2)

Trypanosoma cruzi

How long can Trypanosoma cruzi spend in the human body? (pg.2)

30 years

What is Chagas called in English? (pg.2)

kissing bug disease

How many people with Chagas does the CDC ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) estimate live in the US? (pg.3)

3 hundred thousand (300,000)

Can Trypanosoma cruzi be transmitted from woman to child during pregnancy? (pg. 3)

Yes

How are most people infected with Chagas? (pg.3)

direct contact with a parasite-carrying kissing bug

What was the kissing bug disease formally known as? (pg.3)

American trypanosomiasis

Who is Chagas named after? (pg.3)

Carlos Chagas, Brazilian doctor who discovered the disease in 1909 and was twice nominated for a Nobel Price

How does the World Health Organization classify Chagas? And what other diseases are in that category? (pg.3)

neglected tropical disease:

others include leprosy, sleeping sickness, and river blindness

Where did Tia Dora grow up with her parents? (pg.7)

Quiroga, a neighborhood on the south end of Bogata

Where were Daisy's grandparents from? (pg.7)

Ramiriqui

How many children did the grandparents have? (pg.8)

11 and Tia Dora was the youngest of the girls

What did Tia Dora want to be the first in? (pg.9)

first girl in the family to graduate from college

How old was Daisy when she first met TIa Dora? (pg.9)

8 months old

How did Tia Dora's sickness begin? (pg.10)

with a swelling

Tia Dora's large intestine was big enough for how many people? (pg.12)

10 people

What year did Tia Dora come to the US following the beginning of her sickness? (pg.12)

1980

What did Daisy father nickname Tia Rosa and why? (pg.15)

Radio Auntie because she talked all the time(she was the person that Dora called Mama)

Dr. Markowitz was the son of? (pg.20)

Jewish immigrants

Who was Union City's first Cuban mayor? (pg.21)

Robert Menendez

Who did Daisy's dad fight against when he was a soldier? (pg.23-24)

Fidel Castro's army in Cuba

What did Auntie Biblia say was in the apple that Tia Dora ate that almost killed her? (pg.27)

Bicho

What does bicho mean? (pg.27)

In Spanish, it means insect and can also mean a mans penis, and in some parts of Latin America, a little devil

Who was Margarita? (pg.28-29)

Tio Guillermo's(Daisy's mother older brother) wife who also had Chagas and died

Where are kissing bugs usually found? (pg.29)

warm, rural areas in South and Central America and Mexico, in houses made from branches and mud and the fronds of palm trees

Who was Linda? (pg.30)

Daisy's tia who died before her mom was born due to worms(disease)

When did Charles Darwin discover the kissing bug? (pg. 31-32)

March 1835 while traveling through the plains of Argentina

Who was Geronimo de Bibar? (pg.33)

Spanish soldier who in the 1500s noticed the kissing bugs in Chile

What happened in 1855? (pg.33)

Entomologist John Lawrence found a species of the kissing bug in Georgia and named it Conorhinus sanguisuga

Why are kissing bugs classified in the family of assassin bugs(Reduviidae)? (pg.34)

for their vampire like tendacies

What are other names for kissing bugs? (pg.34)

bloodsucker: Texas and Southwest(US)

vinchuca(means bug that lets itself fall): Argentina and Bolivia

chinche(also used for bedbugs): Central America & Mexico

pito: Columbia

At the end of the 19th century. who was the kissing bug almost named after? (pg.35)

Dorsey Foultz, a black man wanted for murder charges: disease was to be named Dorseyfoultz

Where was Carlos Chagas born in? (pg.40)

Brazil

What did Ronald Ross find in the 1890s? (pg.41)

the Anopheles mosquito carts around the parasite for malaria

Where is Trypanosoma cruzi found? (pg.41)

Americas

What is the name of cruzis cousin and where is it found? (pg.41)

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in West and Central Africa

What is African trypanosomiasis?

sleeping sickness caused by trypanosoma brucei gambiense(T.b. gambiense parasite)

How many did sleeping sickness kill in Uganda in 5 years at the start of the 20th century? (pg.41)

more than a quarter of a million people

When did Dr. Chagas die? (pg.46)

1934

Who is Berenice? (pg.45-47)

person who had the T. cruzi parasite examined by Dr.Chagas and who died in 1981 at 73 years old (apparently unharmed by disease), same year Daisy turned 6 and was translating for her aunt

Why did Daisy first fight with Tia Dora in 1981? (pg.49-50)

she was jealous that Dora was paying more attention to her younger sister Liliana

What does it mean when a Columbian auntie calls you an Indian? (pg.51)

you are behaving badly

Who was the man that wanted to marry Tia Dora and what was his job? (pg.53)

Jose from Peru but Daisy thought of him as Tio Papeles

worked as a radio announcer in Peru and in New Jersey, worked at a printing factory, carting home bundles of discarded paper for typewriters

What was found out during the summer when Daisy was 9? (pg.55)

Tio Papeles was already married to a Puerto Rican woman for his green card

What happened to Tia Dora in 1992? (pg.56)

her esophagus began to unravel

What happened in 1993? (pg.58)

Tio Papeles died due to stomach cancer

When did Tia Dora die? (pg.60,65,68)

2010

How many species are there of kissing bugs? (pg.69)

140 but only 5 transmit T. cruzi

How was the University of Los Andes referred to as by Diasys relative?(pg.77)

Harvard of Columbia

What is a zoonotic disease? (pg.79)

A disease that's spread from an animal to a human

Do most people with T. cruzi get sick? (pg.79-80)

No, they carry on with their normal lives but around 20 to 30 percent of those infected end up with cardiac problems and even fewer like Tia Dora with gastrointestinal issues

What does Trypanosoma cruzi I and II cause? (pg.80)

cruzi I causes heart damage while cruzi II is most likely to affect the gastrointestinal system

Where did the kissing bug disease actually start? (pg80-81)

Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on Earth(Nasa compares it to the surface of Mars)

How did federal public health officials get Black men to undergo the kissing bug experiment(1940s)? (pg.91)

by lying to them and their families saying that they were going to receive treatments for bad blood, what the Tuskegee syphilis was called then

Who is Ardzroony Packchanian? (pg.91)

researcher asked to come to Texas to see what he could find about the kissing bug disease (1940s), he was born in Armenia at the start of the 20th century

How is Triatoma heidemanni now classified as? (pg.92)

T. lecticularia

What did Liliana try to convince the state legislature of Virginia to do? (pg.97)

pass a bill designating April 14 as Chagas Disease Awareness Day: date was when Dr.Chagas 1st identified the disease in toddler Berenice

What did Martin Shkreli do in the fall of 2015? (pg.97)

his company raised the price of the drug Daraprim from $13.50 to $750 a pill: drug is prescribed by doctors for toxoplasmosis(cat litter disease as known by Daisy)

What is benznidazole used for? (pg.99)

drug used to battle the kissing bug disease

How does Triatoma dimidiata(kissing bug in Central America) look like? (pg.105)

elongated copper coin with black stripes along the outer edges of its back

How does Triatoma sanguisuga(common in Texas) look like? (pg.105)

dark body with reddish-orange stripes at its backs rim

What are the symptoms of the kissing bug disease in dogs? (pg.107-108)

become lethargic, difficulty breathing. and develops a distended belly

How long has the kissing bug disease been around in Texas? (pg.111)

at least a thousand years

What did Daisy learn about the 4 kissing bugs she, Adam, and Justin caught in Texas? (pg.116)

all were infected with T. cruzi

How many people did Jennifer Manne-Goehler estimate were infected in California? (pg.125)

about 70 thousand

What is congenital Chagas disease? (pg.145)

when baby gets infected while in the womb

How many babies are born infected with T. cruzi in the US every year? (pg.149)

at most 315 babies

How many lived in the US that are from Latin America in 1981 and then 2015? ?(pg.163)

15 million and in 2015, 57.5 million

How was Rachel Marcus known as? (pg. 165)

La Doctora

Who was Typhoid Mary? (pg.173)

mary mallon, a cook in the late 1890s and 1900s who was an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever. she was arrested and held in a sanitarium where she died imprisoned in quarantine

What does the tattoo of swirls that Maira has mean? (pg.183)

symbol of the Akan people in Ghana meaning Except for god, I fear none

Where has Maira worked since she was 16? (pg.183-184)

Universal Studios: first she worked with the cleaning staff and more than 20 years later, as an executive assistant to several directors and pretty soon, she will start working at the president's office

Who started the 1st clinic in the US devoted to the kissing bug disease? (pg.184)

Mairas cardiologist: Sheba Meymandi

What is the estimated amount of people that die of the kissing bug disease every year? (pg.186)

10 thousand, most of them being in Latin America

What does T. cruzi make in your heart? (pg.194)

a pocket called an apical aneurysm, grow in the place where there should be a sturdy wall of muscle

What is lymphatic filariasis? (pg.196)

disease caused by worms that nest in the lymphatic system and cause obscene swelling and the World Health Organization estimates that more than 120 million people have the disease, mostly in Southeast Asia and West Africa(considered a neglected tropical disease)

Why does Carlos need a heart transplant? (pg.199)

T. cruzi decimated his left ventricle so his heart cant get adequate blood to the rest of his body

What made it possible for Carlos to be alive? (pg.200)

The LVAD or left ventricular assist device or as Carlos calls it, la maquina

What is LASOCHA? (pg.215)

the only patient advocacy organization in the US for the kissing bug disease

Who is Jenny Sanchez? (pg.215, 220)

co-founder of LASOCHA

Who founded LASOCHA? (pg.215)

Dr. Rachel Marcus

What ethnicity group has AIDS been contained to? (pg.225)

the Black community

What did the CDC estimate in 2016 concerning the Black community? (pg.225)

that 1 in 2 African American men who have sex will be diagnosed HIV

What disease outranked AIDS as the leading killer among infectious diseases around the world in 2015? (pg.226)

tuberculosis

What is the great epi divide? (pg.228)

people on one side of the epidemiological divide will die of diseases related to old age while those on the other side will die much younger because medicine for treatable diseases is too expensive or the village doesn't have enough food

How does the procedure of an ICD (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator) that Lucia needed go about? (pg.232)

requires making a pocket under the chest wall, slipping in a device that looks like a giant silver coin, and wiring it to the heart

What was Daisy's test results for Chagas? (pg.237)

negative

What happened in Columbia in 2013? (pg.240)

first country in the world to eradicate river blindness or onchocerciasis

What is the capital of Boyaca? (pg.241)

Tunja

Trypanosoma crutzi I

More in Columbia and for heart damage