19.1 -2 primary amines, nitriles and hydroxynitriles
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How are amines produced?
Halogenoalkane with NH3 in ethanol heated under pressure
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How can nitriles be produced
Alkene heated with ethanolic KCN
Nucelophilic substitution
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How are hydroxynitriles produced
Reaction of aldehydes and ketones with HCN, KCN catalyst and heat
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Acid hydrolysis of nitriles
Hydrolysis by dilute acid results in the formation of a carboxylic acid and ammonium salt
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Alkaline hydrolysis of nitriles
Hydrolysis by dilute alkali results in the formation of a sodium carboxylate salt and ammonia; Acidification is required to change the carboxylate ion into a carboxylic acid
Note 
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