World War I and Beyond Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from lecture notes on World War I, the interwar period, World War II, and the Cold War era in Asia.

Boxer Rebellion

An event in China that led many Chinese to demand revolutionary change, overthrow of the Qing dynasty, and modernization.

Guomindang

Revolutionary alliance formed in 1908 by Sun Yat-sen, which overthrew the last Qing ruler by 1911.

Sun Yat-sen

Formed the revolutionary alliance Guomindang and shared power with Yuan Shikai to unify China.

Yuan Shikai

A brilliant military leader and most powerful regional general who struggled for power with the Guomindang.

Meiji Rulers

Implemented industrialization programs in Japan that continued at the turn of the twentieth century.

Twenty-One Demands

Imposed by Japan on China by 1915, guaranteeing Japanese control and access to resource-rich territories in China.

Indian National Congress

Founded in 1885 and Hindu dominated.

All India Muslim League

Founded in 1906.

May Fourth Movement

Protests led by students in Beijing on May 4, 1919, which spread across China, demanding an end to foreign control.

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)

Succeeded Sun Yat-sen in 1925 and united China by crushing regional lords.

Mao Zedong

Leader in the Chinese Communist party who gained favor among peasants with his calls for social reform.

Long March

A one year journey in 1934 where the Guomindang army surrounded the Communists, who escaped.

Nanjing Massacre

The Japanese took over Nanjing, killing more than two hundred thousand Chinese civilians and prisoners and raping many of the women in the city during the winter of 1937-1938.

Gandhi

Insisted on nonviolence and his affinity for the poor won him and admirers worldwide.

Jawaharlal Nehru

Credits with leading India into independence and modernity.

Indian Partition of 1947

The Indian National Congress and the Muslim League agreed to partition the nation into two states: Hindu dominated India and the Muslim nation of Pakistan.

Pearl Harbor

Surprise attack on an American naval base in Hawaii.

People's Republic of China

On October 1 1949, the communist forces, led by Mao, announced the founding.

Korean War

In 1950, North Korean troops invaded South Korea, sparking the Korean War.

Ho Chi Minh

Led by Ho Chi Minh & helped by the Chinese, revolutionaries known as the Viet Minh would eventually overthrow the French.

Viet Cong

Communist guerilla group in South Vietnam.

Great Leap Forward

n 1958 Mao introduced his Great Leap Forward, an attempt to make China an industrial power by means of collectivizing agriculture and village-level industries.

Chinese Cultural Revolution

In 1966 Mao introduced the Cultural Revolution in an attempt to mobilize youth and rekindle revolutionary spirit, but this program led to factionalism, violence, incarcerations, and executions.

Bandung Conference

In 1955, Indonesia President Achmed Sukarno called a meeting in Bandung, Indonesia, of twenty-nine Asian and African nations. The Bandung Conference produced an alliance of nonaligned nations that declared solidarity among non-European nations fighting colonialism.

Keiretsu

Industrial alliances in Japan that receives government assistance in the form of tariffs and import regulations, which protected them from foreign competition.

Asian Tigers

South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore also modeled themselves after Japan, creating modern industrial and commercial economies. Along with South Korea, these newly industrialized economies (NIES) were often referred to as the Asian Tigers.