music theory chapter 5

Aeolian

The sixth mode of the major scale, also known as the natural minor scale.

Dorian

The second mode of the major scale, characterized by a raised sixth degree.

Ionian

The first mode of the major scale, equivalent to the major scale itself.

Locrian

The seventh mode of the major scale, characterized by a flat second and flat fifth.

Lydian

The fourth mode of the major scale, characterized by a raised fourth degree.

Mixolydian

The fifth mode of the major scale, characterized by a flat seventh degree.

Phrygian

The third mode of the major scale, characterized by a flat second degree.

Minor scale

A scale that has a specific pattern of whole and half steps, typically sounding darker than the major scale.

Harmonic minor

A minor scale with a raised seventh degree, creating a leading tone.

Melodic minor

A minor scale that ascends with a raised sixth and seventh degree and descends as a natural minor scale.

Natural minor

A minor scale that follows the pattern of whole and half steps without any alterations.

Modal scale degree

The specific degrees of a scale that define its mode.

Parallel key

A major and minor key that share the same tonic note but differ in tonality.

Parallel major

The major key that shares the same tonic as a given minor key.

Parallel minor

The minor key that shares the same tonic as a given major key.

Pentachord

A five-note scale or segment of a scale.

Major

A scale or key characterized by a specific pattern of whole and half steps, typically sounding bright and happy.

Minor pentatonic scale

A five-note scale derived from the natural minor scale, omitting the second and sixth degrees.

Major pentatonic

A five-note scale derived from the major scale, omitting the fourth and seventh degrees.

Raised submediant

A degree in a scale that is raised from its natural position, often found in harmonic minor.

Relative major

The major key that has the same key signature as a given minor key, starting on the third degree of the minor scale.

Relative minor

The minor key that has the same key signature as a given major key, starting on the sixth degree of the major scale.

Subtonic tetrachord (upper)

A four-note segment of a scale that includes the subtonic (flat seventh) and is typically found in the natural minor scale.