OT632 - Assistive Technology Exam 3

40/40 Rule

Once a child is 40 pounds and 40 inches, they can be moved to a booster seat.

ANSI/RESNA WC-19 Standard

Voluntary standards made by the American National Standards Institute and Rehabilitation Engineering Society of North America

Provisions for the testing of wheelchairs and seating systems to determine their performance in a 30 mph frontal impact crash

Booster Seat

Uses the 40/40 rule & is intended to provide proper seat belt assembly on the child's body

Child Vehicle Restraint System

Children of a certain age, weight, and/or height are required to travel in this. This allows the children to travel safely in a vehicle.

Crashworthiness

A vehicle's ability to protect its occupants from injury during a collision

Cultural Context

Language, religion, social and economic organization, decorative arts, stories, myths, ritual practices and beliefs

Four belt tie down

Secures the wheelchair frame at each corner

- most commonly used in public transit

Docking System

Bracket on the floor and a component that is fixed to the wheelchair. They connect to secure a wheelchair for transportation

Human Context

Motor or visual impairments, Disabilities, Cognitive impairments, SVA, SCI, TBI

Institutional Context

A larger organization within a larger society that are responsible for policies, decision-making processes, and procedures.

Large Accessible Transit Vehicle

This technology uses a securement station based on external structures, rather than straps, to protect the passenger in the event of a crash

Occupant Protection for Children

Child Vehicle Restraint Systems, Rear-facing seats, Forward Facing seats, Booster seats

Rear-facing Infant Seats

Should be used from the moment the infant leaves the hospital until they are 12 months and 22 pounds

Forward-facing Infant Seats

Should be used from 22 pounds up until they read 40 pounds and 40 inches

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)

A company that produces parts or products that are then used by another company to create their final product, often sold under the second company's brand

Physical Context

Physical attributes of the environment that enable, hinder, or affect the performance of activities, either with or without AT.

Safest location for Infant seat

Center rear seat

- if not available, back right side

Social Context

Individuals and groups who interact with the individual using AT, either directly or indirectly.

Common errors with forward-facing seats

1. misuse of the tether strap

2. improper use of the strapping system for the restraint system

Universal docking interface geometry

This standard specifies the dimensions and shape of the adaptor, location on the rear wheelchair, and dimensions of space required around the adaptor

Wheelchair tie-down and occupant restraint systems (WTORS)

Separate parts of a total system designed to protect the passenger or driver who uses a wheelchair

Used to secure a passenger who is seated in a wheelchair in a vehicle

Primary Driving Controls

Those that are used to stop (brakes), go (accelerator), and steer.

There are modifications available.

Secondary Driving Controls

Needed for safe operation of the vehicle but not directly involved in controlling it.

Turn signals, lights, horn, AC, ignition, windshield wipers.

Consideration for Vehicle Selection

Vehicle access, visual aspects, location and size of driving controls, seat belt assembly, airbag design.

whether the person will remain in the wheelchair or transfer

Bluetooth

Used to link telephones, computers, and other networked devices remotely over short distances using low-power radio transmission.

Electronic Aid to Daily Living (EADL)

Major parts - HTI, environmental sensor, processor, and activity output. The output is linked to appliances which are controlled through hardwiring or wireless links.

Two outputs: momentary and latched control

General Purpose Devices

Designed to serve multiple functions

- Mouthsticks, head pointers, reachers

High-Technology Devices

Complex, frequently electrically powered or electronic, have multiple functions, and are more expensive

Latched control

Each control interface activation/deactivation toggles the state of the output.

Turning on or off an appliance like the TV

Low Technology Devices

Typically easy to operate and construct, manually driven, easy to acquire, and low cost

Manipulation

Activities that we normally accomplish using the upper extremities, particularly the fingers and hands

Mouth Stick

Used as control enhancers for activating control interfaces

- direct manipulation

Momentary control

Remains active only while the control interface is activated

The output is sustained as long as the person desires it

Programmable Controller

Some controllers have codes for many appliances permanently stored in them.

They often contain codes for multiple brands of devices and do not require additional setup.

Reachers

A device used to extend physical range when reaching

A handle grip that is used to control the jaws of the device in order to grasp an object

Remote Control

Devices that allow us to control other devices, such as our TV, from a distance

Trainable Controller

"Learning remote" that stores a specific function code for an appliance, so that it can be used as if it were the appliance's own controller.

Universal Remote

Controls that can be set up to work with most appliances to reduce the number of remotes.

Special Purpose Devices

devices that serve a specific to more limited range of activities

Primary types of self-care activities supported by low-tech manipulation aids

Food consumption, Food preparation, Dressing, Hygiene

Cognition

The mental process of knowing includes aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment

Cognitive AT (CAT)

Cognitive prosthesis or AT for cognition, or augmenting cognitive function

Orientation

General mental functions of knowing and ascertaining one's relation to time, to place, to self, to others, to objects, and to space

ICF identifies 5 types: to person, place, space, objects, and time.

Perception

Specific mental functions of recognizing and interpreting

Intellectual Functions

General mental functions, required to understand and constructively integrate the various mental functions including all cognitive functions and their development over the lifespan

Intellectual Disabilities

Significant limitations in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior originating before the age of 18.

Cognitive Prosthesis

Devices and strategies that help a person with cognitive limitations function more independently in certain tasks

AT for cognition and mental health

Stimuli control, prompting, alternative input, alternative output, organization and planning, tracking, and smart home

Challenges in applying mainstream technologies

Mobile technology aids require that the user has some degree of sensory perception, language use, memory, or learning skills to actually benefit the client. Many technologies are too complex or inconsistent in operation.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication

An area of clinical practice that deals with communication problems of people who have complex communication needs.

Speech

Verbalization of language to communicate

Language

A system of communication used in a particular community

- requires a cognitive component

Complex Communication Needs (CCN)

Difficulty with cognition, motor skills, alertness level, articulation, etc.

Speech Generating Device (SGD)

Any device that produces digitally recorded or synthesized speech output

Variety of features; simple to complex

Unaided communication

Communication behaviors that require only the person's own body, such as pointing and other gestures

Aided Communication

refers to the use of aids external to the communicator's body

- pencil, letter, computer, cell phone

Partners in Communication

Communicating with close friends and family is easier than communicating with unfamiliar partners, such as a bank clerk or waitress.

Emergent Communicators

Have no reliable method of symbolic expression and they are restricted to communicating on the here and now concepts

Context-dependent Communicators

Have reliable symbolic communication but they are limited to specific contexts because they are only intelligible to familiar partners, have insufficient vocabulary, or both.

Independent Communicators

Can communicate with unfamiliar and familiar partners on any topic

Visual Scene Display

Capture events in a person's life with hot spots that can be accessed to retrieve information

- less complex and flexible

- reduce language demands of user

Dynamic Communication Display

Change the selection set displayed when a choice is made

Upon selecting an option from the set, the display is reformatted to give a new set of options

Requires high visual attention and object permanence

Opportunity Barriers

Barriers that involve policies, practices, attitudes, and knowledge and skills of those who support the person with CCNs

Access Barriers

Those that make it difficult for a person with CCNs to communicate using an AAC device or technique

Motor limitations, hearing, vision, and cognitive ability

Spelling Skills Useful to AAC

Recognition, Word Completion, Spontaneous Spelling

Auditory Scanning

A type of scanning method in which choices are systematically heard by the user who hits a switch upon hearing the desired choice

- useful for those with visual deficits