1.introduction in to haloalkanes and haloalkenes

Alkyl halide

A compound that is formed by replacing hydrogen atom(s) in an aliphatic hydrocarbon with halogen atom(s).

Aryl halide

A compound that is formed by replacing hydrogen atom(s) in an aromatic hydrocarbon with halogen atom(s).

Haloalkane

A type of alkyl halide where the halogen atom is attached to a sp3 hybridized carbon atom of an alkyl group.

Haloarene

A type of aryl halide where the halogen atom is attached to sp2 hybridized carbon atom(s) of an aryl group.

Chloramphenicol

A chlorine-containing antibiotic produced by microorganisms that is effective in treating typhoid fever.

Thyroxine

An iodine-containing hormone produced by the body, the deficiency of which causes a disease called goiter.

Chloroquine

A synthetic halogen compound used for the treatment of malaria.

Halothane

A synthetic halogen compound used as an anesthetic during surgery.

Mono, di, or polyhalogen compounds

Classification of haloalkanes and haloarenes based on the number of halogen atoms present in their structures.

Alkyl halides or haloalkanes

Alkyl halides where the halogen atom is bonded to an alkyl group.

Primary alkyl halide

An alkyl halide where the halogen is attached to a primary carbon atom in the alkyl group.

Secondary alkyl halide

An alkyl halide where the halogen is attached to a secondary carbon atom in the alkyl group.

Tertiary alkyl halide

An alkyl halide where the halogen is attached to a tertiary carbon atom in the alkyl group.

Allylic halides

Compounds where the halogen atom is bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond.

Benzylic halides

Compounds where the halogen atom is bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom attached to an aromatic ring.

Vinylic halides

Compounds where the halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond.

Aryl halides

Compounds where the halogen atom is directly bonded to an sp2 hybridized carbon atom of an aromatic ring.