Chapter 20 Review - American Pageant 17th Edition

What happened at Bull Run? (what started it, what ended it)

Lincoln decided to attack a Confederate force at Bull Run. If successful, the victory might lead to the capture of Richmond. They met in 1861 and the Confederates won when Stonewall Jackson’s reinforcements arrived. This led to southern overconfidence.

Who was Stonewall Jackson?

He was a General during the Civil War and brought reinforcements to Bull Run in 1861 which led to a Confederate victory and an allusion that the war was soon to end for the Union.

What was the Peninsula Campaign?

McClellan (command of the Army of the Potomac), he launched a waterborne attack in 1862 that moved towards Richmond. He attacked "Stonewall" Jackson.

What was the Seven Days Battle?

Following McClellan’s Peninsula Campaign, General Robert E. Lee launched a counterattack against the Union forces, which drove McClellan's forces back to the sea.

Why was capturing Richmond so important?

It was the capital of the Confederacy.

Who was Ulysses S. Grant?

He was a colonel in the Union Volunteer Army who captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in 1862.

What was the Battle of Shiloh?

Led by Ulysses S. Grant, it was an attempt by the Union to capture a line of railroads in the Mississippi Valley. This failed when the Union lost in this battle in 1862.

What was the Merrimack (Virginia)?

In 1862, the Confederates created this. It was an old U.S. wooden ship that was plated with metal armor. It threatened the Northern blockades because it could crush through the Union's wooden ships.

What was the Monitor?

In 1862, the Union army created this similar ship to prevent the Merrimack from breaking through the Union’s blockade.

What was the Second Battle of Bull Run?

After the First Battle of Bull Run, General Lee moved northward where he defeated General Pope’s Union forces in 1862.

What was the Battle of Antidam?

Following victory in the Second Battle of Bull Run, Lee moved into Maryland, where he met McClellan's forces again. McClellan managed to halt Lee's forces after his forces discovered Lee's battle plans. Although not a victory, the Union stopped the Confederate march northward.

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

Issued by Abraham Lincoln following the Battle of Antidam, this proclamation would officially end slavery in Confederate states BESIDES the Border States and make the Civil War a war to end slavery.

What did the Southerners think of the Emancipation Proclamation?

They believed it was the Union’s attempt at stirring up slave rebellions.

What was the 13th Amendment?

Passed in 1865 (8 months after the Civil War), it legally ended Slavery.

After the Emancipation Proclamation and as manpower ran low what did the Union do?

They allowed black people to enlist into the Union army.

What happened in Fredericksburg, Virginia?

It was a battle between Richard Henry Lee and General Burnside (new Union leader). The union lost and Burnside was replaced with Hooker.

What happened at Gettysburg?

It was a fight between Richard Henry Lee’s army and the Union Army (commanded by Meade). A confederate known as General George Pickett rushed in, allowing the Union to win.

What was the Gettysburg Address?

Speech by President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War to commemorate a new National Cemetery at Gettysburg.

What was the Battle of Vicksburg?

Commanded by General Grant, it was a Union victory that sealed the fate of the Confederacy (they weren’t going to get foreign help).

What was the Battle of Chattanooga?

General Ulysses S. Grant won this battle and the state of Tennessee was cleared of Confederates.

What was Sherman’s March?

General William Tecumseh Sherman led the invasion of Georgia where he burned Atlanta, destroyed railway lines, destroyed confederate supplies, reduced Confederacy morale and captured parts of South Carolina.

What was the Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War?

Formed in late 1861, it was dominated by radical Republicans who hated emancipation and the expansion of presidential power in wartime.

What were Copperheads?

Radical Peace Democrats who hated the Lincoln administration.

What was the Union Party?

A party composed of Republicans and War Democrats (people who supported the Lincoln Administration).

Who were the candidates in the election of 1864?

Abraham Lincoln (Republican) and General McClellan (Democrat)

Lincoln won.

What was the Wilderness Campaign?

A series of clashes between Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee’s armies in Virginia which led up to Grant’s capture of Richmond in 1865. This led Lee to surrender his army at Appomattox Courthouse and end the Civil War.