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Arbitrary
based on individual discretion or random choice rather than any reason or system
brooding
showing deep unhappiness of thought; appearing deep in thought, often giving a sense of gloom
brusque
blunt in manner or speech often to the point of ungracious harshness
capricious
given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior; unpredictable
denigrating
criticizing or defaming someone or something; disparaging
ephemeral
lasting for a very short time; transient; fleeting
laudatory
expressing praise and commendation; complimentary
obstreperous
noisy and difficult to control; unruly
omniscient
having complete or unlimited knowledge; knowing everything
pensive
engaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought
senile
exhibiting the mental and physical decline associated with old age
zealous
showing great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or an objective
ballad
a narrative poem or song that tells a story, often of folk origin and typically characterized by simple language and a repeated refrain
blank verse
unrhymed verse written in iambic pentameter, a meter commonly used in English poetry, without a rhyme scheme
caesura
a pause or break in a line of poetry, often indicated by punctuation, that affects the rhythm and flow of the verse
couplet
two consecutive lines of verse that rhyme and often have the same meter, forming a complete thought or unit
enjambment
the continuation of a sentence or clause without a pause at the end of a line in a poem
free verse
poetry that does not follow a regular rhyme scheme or meter, allowing for greater flexibility and natural expression
lyric
a type of poem expressing personal emotions and feelings, often in a musical and rhythmic way
metered verse
poetry with a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables, creating a rhythmic structure
octave
a unit of poetry that contains eight lines
ode
a lyrical poem that addresses and often celebrates a person, place, thing, or idea
quatrain
a unit of poetry that contains four lines
sestet
a unit of poetry that contains six lines
sestina
a highly structured poetic form consisting of six stanzas, each with six lines, and a final three-line envoi. the end words of the lines follow a specific pattern
sonnet
a 14 line poem with a specific rhyme scheme and meter
petrarchan sonnet
a sonnet consisting of an octave, followed by a sestet with various rhyme schemes
Shakespearean sonnet
a sonnet consisting of three quatrains followed by a rhymed couplet
tercet
a unit of poetry that contains three lines
villanelle
a 19 line poem with a specific structure, consisting of five tercets followed by a concluding quatrain. It has a strict pattern of repeated lines and rhyme scheme
chiasmus
the order of terms in the first half of a parallel clause is reversed in the second half
diatribe
a forceful and bitter verbal attack against someone or something
metonymy
a figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted with another with which it is closely associated or related
parable
a short, simple story that conveys a moral or spiritual lesson
synecdoche
a figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole
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