Cells and Tissues

A set of flashcards designed to help review key concepts related to cells and tissues.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that have a true nucleus and are found in plants and animals.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance within a cell that contains organelles.

Prokaryotic Cells

Primitive cells without a membrane-bound nucleus, primarily bacteria.

Antibiotic resistance

The ability of bacteria to survive and multiply despite the presence of drugs designed to kill them.

Selective permeability

The property of biological membranes that allows certain substances to pass while blocking others.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that contains DNA and acts as the site for gene expression.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An internal membrane system involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and materials for transport.

Lysosomes

Organelles filled with enzymes that digest and recycle cellular waste.

Vacuole

Storage organelles that hold various substances, such as nutrients and waste products.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments that gives shape and support to the cell.

Mitochondria

Organelles that convert food energy into ATP through cellular respiration.

Chloroplasts

Organelles that conduct photosynthesis by capturing sunlight to produce food.

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue composed of tightly packed cells that cover body surfaces and line cavities.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that supports, binds together, and protects tissues and organs of the body.

Nervous Tissue

Tissue made up of neurons that transmit signals throughout the body.

Muscle Tissue

Tissue composed of cells that can contract, enabling movement.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction.

Acetylcholinesterase

An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine to stop muscle stimulation.

Cell Junctions

Structures that connect cells, including tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions.

Fluid Mosaic Model

A model that describes the structure of cell membranes as a mosaic of diverse protein molecules.