bio: characteristics of life, hierarchy, steps of biology, classification, evolution, scientific method

characteristics of life

cellularity, reproduction, nutritional requirements, growth and development, irritability, homeostasis, mutation, adaptation

prokaryotic

DNA is unbound in the fluid, no nucleus

eukaryotic

DNA in nucleus

biosphere

earth

ecosystem

distinct geographical region where similar biota and abiota exist

community

all species interacting in an ecosystem (predation and competition) without the environmental attributes

population

a group of successfully interacting individuals of the same species

organism

singular organisms

system

a group of interacting organs that perform a common function

organ

a group of tissues completing a common functiontissue

tissue

sheets of cells interacting together

cells

individual cells of an organism

chemical/molecular

atoms and molecules that make up cells

phycology

algae

mycology

fungi

carolus linnaeus

created taxonomy system

cytology

cells

histology

tissues

domain archaea

a domain for ancient unicellular prokaryote bacteria that only thrive in extreme environments

domain bacteria

a domain for contemporary bacteria found in all environments , and includes pathogenic bacteria

domain eukarya

a domain for all eukaryotes that have nuclei in their cells

who made the kingdom system

robert whittaker

kingdom monera

unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls of peptidoglycan; bacteria (heterotrophs) and cyanobacteria (autotrophs)

kingdom protista

algae, slime molds, and protozoans, all eukaryotic

algae

autotrophic, cell walls

slime molds

heterotrophic, cell walls

protozoans

heterotrophic, motile, no cell walls

kingdom plantae

all plants, which are multicellular, autotrophic, non-motile, and have cell walls of cellulose

kingdom fungi

mushroom, mold, mildew, and yeast; all are unicellular but yeast; all eukaryotic, heterotrophic, non-motile, and have cell walls of chitin

kingdom animalia

all animals; multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, motile at some point, and have no cell walls

evolution and natural selection

Charles Darwin’s idea that nature selects who survives due to some individuals being better genetically suited for survival

Darwin’s statement about populations

organisms in a population are genetically diverse

Darwin’s statement about certain individuals

certain individuals are better suited for survival based on their traits

Darwin’s statement on survivors

survivors reproduce and produce offspring

Darwin’s statement on offspring

offspring will inherit traits from their parents that better suit them for survival

observation

first step of the scientific method where you make observations in nature or published research articles

question

second step of the scientific method where you review observations and make questions

hypothesis

third step of the scientific method where you use inductive reasoning to answer the question in a generalization

prediction

fourth step of the scientific method where you assume the hypothesis is correct and predict the result of the test, based on deductive reasoning; takes form of an if-then statement

experiment

fifth step of the scientific method where you experiment for the prediction; includes the independent variable, dependent variable, and control variables