Speciation and Reproductive Isolation

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to speciation and reproductive isolation.

Speciation

Formation of a new species.

Reproductive Isolation

Occurs when parts of a population are isolated, reducing gene flow between populations.

Different Selection Pressures

Occurs when two populations experience varying environmental influences, affecting their evolution.

Natural Selection

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Phenotype

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genetic makeup.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an individual, determining its traits.

Hybridisation

Breeding between two closely related species to produce hybrid offspring.

Fertile Offspring

Offspring that can successfully reproduce and continue the generation.

Geographical Isolation

A physical barrier separating organisms from the original population.

Ecological Isolation

Populations in the same habitat but with different preferences for different parts.

Seasonal Isolation

Timing differences in reproduction, such as flowering at different times.

Behavioural Isolation

Changes in mating rituals or patterns that lead to non-recognition by potential mates.

Mechanical Isolation

Mutations that change genitalia, allowing for successful mating only among some members.

Allopatric Speciation

Speciation that occurs when populations are physically or geographically separated.