Heterogeneous conditions defined by lower intellectual ability (IQ < 70), significant impairment of social or adaptive functioning, and onset in childhood.
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Incidence of Learning Disabilities in the UK
Approximately 1.5 million individuals with learning disabilities, with 2.16% of adults in the UK affected.
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Medical Model of Disability
Views disability as a limitation caused by an impairment or condition, focusing primarily on medical care to 'fix' the impairment.
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Social Model of Disability
Considers disability as a form of discrimination caused by societal barriers, emphasizing that society must change to accommodate individuals with impairments.
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Biopsychosocial Model
Integrates social and medical models, taking into account health conditions, external environmental factors, and internal personal factors.
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Cerebral Palsy
A group of permanent disorders affecting movement and posture, attributed to non-progressive disturbances in the developing fetal or infant brain.
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Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Characterized by hypertonia and decreased range of movement, with common forms including hemiplegia, diplegia, and quadriplegia.
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
A genetic neuromuscular condition marked by progressive muscle weakness, typically diagnosed in male children.
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Sensory Impairment
Condition where one of the senses is not functioning normally; may involve visual, hearing, or multisensory deficits.
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Multisensory Impairments
A combination of visual and hearing difficulties, which can be congenital or acquired.
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Reasonable Adjustments
Changes healthcare providers must make under the Equality Act 2010 to accommodate the needs of people with disabilities.
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Challenging Behaviour
Behaviors such as self-injurious or aggressive actions, often exacerbated by multiple impairments or difficulties.
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Dental Implications in Disabilities
Challenges faced in dental care, such as poor oral hygiene and inability to access healthcare.
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Barriers to Healthcare
Factors that limit or prevent individuals, especially those with disabilities, from receiving adequate healthcare.
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Healthcare Professional Role
To improve disability awareness, involve patients in decision-making, and advocate for patient needs.
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Equality Act 2010
UK legislation requiring that healthcare services consider the needs of people with disabilities when organizing services.
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