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what is the angle for the PA Caldwell for mandible?
20 to 25 degrees cephalad to exit acanthion
what is the angle for the PA mandible projection?
no angle
where is the CR for a Towne for mandible imaging?
35-40 degrees caudal centered to glabella to pass through each ramus
what direction and degree are the angles for Axiolateral Mandibles?
25 degrees cephalad to pass through the region of interest
what’s the relationship of the mandibular body to the IR for axiolateral views?
no overlap of the ramus by opposite side of mandible, no elongation or foreshortening of ramus or body, no superimposition of the ramus by the cervical spine
axiolateral obliques (for mandibles): what position for what anatomy?
goal to place desired portion of the mandible parallel with the IR
ramus = head in true lateral
body = rotate head 30 degrees toward IR
symphysis (mentum) = rotate head 45 degrees toward IR

what method/image is this?
AP axial (townes) mandible

what anatomy is labeled “A”
condyle

what anatomy is labeled “B”
coronoid process

what anatomy is labeled “C”
ramus

what anatomy is labeled “D”
body

what anatomy is labeled “E”
symphysis
what type of joint is the TMJs? what comprises it?
synovial, hinge type joint
know what a panorex image looks like/what anatomic parts we see
provides a full view of the upper and lower jaws, teeth, temporomandibular joints (TMJs) and sinuses.

TMJ syndrome
as dysfunction of temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

deviated nasal septum
the displacement of the right and left nasal passages.

what anatomy is labeled “A”
temporal bone

what anatomy is labeled “B”
EAM

what anatomy is labeled “C”
mandibular fossa

what anatomy is labeled “D”
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

what anatomy is labeled “E”
mandibular condyle

what anatomy is labeled “A”
perpendicular plate

what anatomy is labeled “B”
nasal bones

what anatomy is labeled “C”
cartilage

what anatomy is labeled “D”
maxilla

what anatomy is labeled “E”
palatine

what anatomy is labeled “F”
vomer

what anatomy is labeled “A”
coronoid process

what anatomy is labeled “B”
neck

what anatomy is labeled “C”
condylar process

what anatomy is labeled “D”
mandibular notch

what anatomy is labeled “E”
ramus (vertical)

what anatomy is labeled “F”
angle/ goion (horizontal)

what anatomy is labeled “G”
body

what anatomy is labeled “H”
mental foramen

what anatomy is labeled “I”
mental protuberance

what anatomy is labeled “J”
symphysis

what anatomy is labeled “K”
alveolar process

what anatomy is labeled “A”
alveolar process

what anatomy is labeled “B”
symphysis

what anatomy is labeled “C”
coronoid process

what anatomy is labeled “D”
ramus (vertical)

what anatomy is labeled “E”
body

what anatomy is labeled “F”
mental protuberance

what anatomy is labeled “G”
mental foramen

what anatomy is labeled “H”
angle (goion)

what anatomy is labeled “I”
condylar process

what anatomy is labeled “J”
condyle

what anatomy is labeled “K”
neck