Wealthy City-Dwellers and Social Changes in the Late 19th Century

This set of flashcards covers the key concepts related to the social and political changes during the late 19th century, particularly focusing on the wealthy, the rise of the middle class, and the effect of political corruption.

What social changes occurred for the middle class during the late 1800s?

The middle class moved out of urban centers to suburbs, enjoying greater financial independence.

What does the term 'Gilded Age' refer to?

It describes the late 1800s, indicating a period that appeared prosperous but was marked by underlying issues of greed and inequality.

Who were some notable entrepreneurs of the Gilded Age?

Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan.

How did social competition manifest among the wealthy in the Gilded Age?

Competition for social status was shown through the extravagance of their mansions and the lavishness of their social events.

What were common features of the mansions built by the wealthy during the Gilded Age?

Opulent designs, more rooms and servants’ quarters than needed, and artworks from renowned artists.

What was the significant role of women in the middle class during the late 1800s?

Women became involved in social reform issues such as temperance, crime, and women's voting rights.

What was 'The Breakers'?

A luxurious summer mansion built by Cornelius Vanderbilt II, symbolizing the wealth of the era.

What was one of the key reforms promoted by middle-class women?

They worked for various reform movements aiming to improve life for society, particularly the working class.

How did the rise of public education change in the late 19th century?

The number of children attending school increased, leading to a focus on longer mandatory attendance and more defined curricula.

What were the '3 R's' that comprised the public school curriculum?

Reading, writing, and arithmetic.

What was the impact of the political machines on city governance during the Gilded Age?

Political machines operated through bribery and corruption, ensuring that political bosses maintained power.

Who was Boss Tweed and what was his role?

Boss Tweed was a powerful political boss in New York City who led Tammany Hall and engaged in extensive corruption.

What emergence of significant political reforms occurred after the decline of political machines?

The civil service system was reformed to reduce corruption and promote merit-based job appointments.

What key legislation did Chester Arthur promote during his presidency?

The Pendleton Act, which established a merit-based system for federal employment.

Why did the Populist Party form in the 1890s?

To advocate for the interests of farmers and address issues like economic hardship, deflation, and a desire for silver-backed currency.