Download Dairy_Quizlet_Flashcards_COMPLETE.csv

What are some genetic defects in dairy cattle?

"Achondroplasia

What disease is transferred to humans and causes undulent fever?

Brucellosis or Bang’s Disease (Zoonotic)

What is key in preventing leg and feet issues?

Selection for leg conformation

What is mastitis?

"Inflammation of the mammary gland due to infection

What is the maximum SCC allowed in milk?

"750

At what age do heifers reach puberty?

9-11 months

At what age do bulls reach puberty?

10-12 months

What is the length of the estrous cycle?

21 days (range: 19-23)

What is estrus and how long does it last?

"Heat phase

When does ovulation occur relative to estrus?

24-32 hours after first signs of estrus

What is the AM/PM breeding rule?

Breed 12 hours after first signs of estrus

Signs of estrus?

"Mounting

Why is artificial insemination (AI) preferred?

"More control

What is the gestation period of dairy cows?

285 days (~9.5 months)

At what age are heifers ready to breed?

15 months (calve at 2 years)

Pregnancy detection methods?

"Heifer: palpation at 30d

What is parturition?

Giving birth

What is dystocia?

Difficulty giving birth

Signs of calving?

"Swollen vulva

What is processing at birth?

"Dip navel in iodine

How much colostrum should a calf receive?

"10-12% of body weight in first 24hr

How long are calves fed milk or replacer?

4-8 weeks

What is the esophageal groove?

"A muscular fold that bypasses milk to abomasum

What types of housing prevent calf disease?

Hutch or Group housing

When are calves weaned?

6-8 weeks

What promotes rumen development?

Feeding legume hay and grains

How is milk sold?

Per hundredweight (cwt); 8.62 lbs/gallon

Who purchases milk?

"Co-op

When is bulk milk tested?

Each pickup and before unloading

Major milk species?

"Cattle

Grade A milk criteria?

"97% of milk; SCC <750

Grade B milk criteria?

3% of milk; over 50% from WI & MN; only for dairy products

What is the purpose of pasteurization?

"Kill bacteria

LTLT Pasteurization?

145°F for 30 minutes (vat pasteurization)

HTST Pasteurization?

161°F for 15 seconds

UHT Pasteurization?

280°F for 2 seconds (ultra pasteurization)

Class 1 Milk?

Fluid milk

Class 2 Milk?

"Soft products (yogurt

Class 3 Milk?

Cheese

Class 4 Milk?

Butter and dry products

High vs Low production cow?

High: 100-120 lbs/day; Low: 75-80 lbs/day

Rolling herd average?

Average milk/herd/year based on past 12 months

Peak milk production?

45-90 days after calving

Production levels?

"Great: >30

Production trends since 1950s?

"Increased yield/cow

Types of cow housing?

"Tie stalls

What is BCS and its scale?

"Body Condition Score

Nutritional needs of lactating cows?

"High energy

Nutritional needs of dry cows?

"High in forage

Feed for 5-month-old heifers?

2-3 lbs of grain with good pasture or legume hay

Types of feed?

"Roughage: hay

Methods of waste management?

"Lagoons

Who regulates waste management?

"Local

What is the typical length of milk production?

305 days

Milking prep steps?

"Pre-dip (iodine-based)

Why do producers feed cows right after milking?

Keeps them standing to allow teat canal to close

What is achondroplasia?

A genetic defect causing dwarfism

What are flexed pasterns?

A genetic leg deformity

What are weavers?

"A defect causing balance and coordination issues

What are somatic cells?

Reproductive cells

What is Syndactyly?

A mule-foot condition where toes are fused (common in males or horses)

Brucellosis or Bang’s Disease is?

A zoonotic disease causing undulent fever

What is mastitis?

"Inflammation of the mammary gland due to infection

Max SCC in milk?

"750

Purpose of pasteurization?

Eliminate disease-causing microorganisms and extend shelf life

LTLT pasteurization?

145°F for 30 min (vat pasteurization)

HTST pasteurization?

161°F for 15 sec

UHT pasteurization?

280°F for 2 sec

Class 1 milk?

Fluid milk

Class 2 milk?

"Soft products like yogurt

Class 3 milk?

Cheese

Class 4 milk?

Butter and dry products

High production cow daily yield?

100-120 lbs/day

Low production cow daily yield?

75-80 lbs/day

Rolling herd average is?

Avg milk production/herd/year over last 12 months

Peak production occurs when?

45-90 days after calving

Esophageal groove function?

"Bypasses milk to abomasum

Types of calf housing?

Hutch or group housing

When are calves weaned?

6-8 weeks

What helps stimulate rumen development?

Legume hay and grain

How is milk sold?

Per cwt basis

Weight of milk per gallon?

8.62 lbs

Who purchases milk?

"Co-op

Milk testing?

Bulk tank checked at pickup and truck checked before unloading

Major species milked?

"Cattle

Grade A milk standards?

"97% of milk

Grade B milk use?

"3% of milk

Gestation period of dairy cows?

9.5 months (285 days)

When are heifers ready to breed?

15 months

When do heifers calve?

At 2 years old

Pregnancy detection: Heifer palpation?

30 days

Pregnancy detection: Cow palpation?

45 days

Pregnancy detection: Ultrasound?

28–30 days

What is parturition?

Genetic term for giving birth

What is dystocia?

Difficulty giving birth

Signs of calving?

"Swollen vulva

What is done at birth to the calf?

"Dip navel in iodine

Why is colostrum important?

"Very first milk

How much colostrum should be fed?

"10–12% of body weight in first 24 hr

What is fed after colostrum?

Waste milk or replacer for 4–8 weeks