HOSA Pharmacy Science - Disorders/Treatments

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Irritability, dysphoria, anxiety, repeatedly during premenstrual phase, adverse effect on work and social functioning

Bipolar Disorder

Mood disorder where the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

Psychosis

Person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions

Delusions

False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur that may accompany psychotic disorders

Catatonia

State of unresponsiveness to outside environment including muscle rigidity steering or inability to communicate

Hallucinations

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Usually a man who exhibits lack of conscious for wrongdoing even towards family and friends, may be aggressive and ruthless

Anxiety

Feeling uneasy or worried about what may happen

Panic Disorder

Anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minute-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror, chest pain, choking, and other frightening symptoms

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Phobias

Anxiety disorders regarding pathological fear of a specific object or situation

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Anxiety disorder involving persistent and uncontrollable thoughts and irrational beliefs that cause the performance of compulsive rituals that interfere with daily life

Obsessions

Persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress

Compulsions

A need to act on specific impulses to relieve associated anxiety

Hoarding Disorder

Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Anxiety disorder regarding haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumping anxiety, and/or insomnia lingering for four or more weeks after traumatic experience

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Psychological disorder where symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Intense preoccupation with possibility of a serious undiagnosed illness

Conversion Disorder

Rare somatoform disorder where a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for no psychological basis can be found

Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociation disorder regarding sudden and extensive inability to recall important personal information

Dissociative Fugue

When one travels away from home and cannot remember details of their past including often their identity

Major Depressive Disorder

A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

Attention-Deficit Disorder

Exhibiting extreme inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Deficits in social/communication skills, accompanied by repetitive, ritualistic behavior

Organic Disorders

Abnormal psychological or behavioral signs and symptoms that occur as a result of cerebral disease, systemic dysfunction, or use of or exposure to exogenous substances

Neurocognitive Disorders

Primary symptom being significantly reduced cognitive abilities

Alzheimer's Disease

Chronic and progressive disorder of the brain most commonly caused by degenerative dementia

Delirium

Abnormal mental state characterized by disorientation, inattention, confusion usually related to a metabolic condition

antibiotics

drugs used to kill or inhibit growth of certain types of bacteria

bacteriostatic

inhibits growth of bacteria

bactericidal

kills bacteria

broad spectrum

antibiotics that are effective against a wide variety of bacteria and effectiveness is not limited to one specific type of bacteria

penicillin

antibiotics that treats otitis media, strep, respiratory infections, gonorrhea, and syphilis

amoxicillin, ampicillin

otitis media

ear infection in middle ear - inflammation and fluid

strep throat

infection in throat that causes sore throat, fever, stomachache, inflammation

respiratory infections

infections caused by viruses or bacteria that affect the respiratory tract from the nose to the throat to the lungs

gonorrhea

sexually transmitted bacteria that impacts the genitals through increase urge/frequency to urinate, pus-like colored discharge, discoloration/swelling at penis opening, testicular swelling/pain, itchiness/soreness in anus, rectal bleeding or discharge, painful urination

syphilis

bacterial infection spread by sexual contact, causes sores, rashes, fever, sore throat, and more

cephalosporin

antibiotic that treats upper respiratory infections, sinus infections, and pneumonia

cephalexin, cefdinir

sinus infection

bacterial infection that causes congestion, pressure, and pain

pneumonia

inflammation of lungs where lungs fill with fluid

sulfonamides

antibiotic, treats UTIs and otitis media

sulfasalazine sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim

urinary tract infection (UTI)

infection of the urinary system, causes pain/burning while urinating, frequent urinating, urge to urinate, blood in urine, and more

tetracyclines

antibiotic that prevents acne, chronic bronchitis, walking pneumonia, Lyme disease

doxycycline hyclate, tetracycline, minocycline

chronic bronchitis

inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long time, causing excessive mucus

Lyme disease

tick-borne disease, including fever, headache, fatigue, skin rash

macrolides

antibiotic, treats respiratory infections and chlamydia

azithromycin, clarithromycin, erthromycin

chlamydia

sexually transmitted bacteria, causes painful urination, discharge, painful intercourse, bleeding during periods when menstruation is not occurring, testicular pain

fluoroquinolones

antibiotic, treats UTIs, upper respiratory infections, infectious diarrhea, bone/joint infections

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

infectious diarrhea

most common cause of diarrhea, includes nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, watery/bloody diarrhea

bone and joint infections (musculoskeletal)

bacterial infection in bones, causes fever, chills, redness at infection sit, pain/tenderness in affected bone, difficulty moving affected limb

aminoglycosides

antibiotic that treats life-threatening infections

gentamicin, amikacin

vancomycin

antibiotic that treats life-threatening infections like MRSA, clostridium difficile, and endocarditis

metronidazole (flagyl)

antibiotic that fights anaerobic bacteria and protozoa and gynecologic infections

antifungal

kills fungi, treats athlete's foot, ringworm, oral candidiasis, and vaginal yeast infections

nystatin, amphotericin, clotrimazole

athlete's foot

fungal infection causing scaly, peeling, cracked skin in between toes, itchiness, inflammation, burning, blisters

ringworm

fungal infection of the skin causing ring-shaped itchy rash, red, scaly, cracked skin, and hair loss

oral candidiasis (thrush)

fungal infection in mouth causing white patches in mouth, loss of taste, redness in mouth, pain/burning in mouth

vaginal yeast infections

fungal infections in the vagina that cause itching and irritation, burning, redness and inflammation, pain, rash, thick white discharge and/or watery discharge

antiviral

stop viruses from replicating, treats herpes, hepatitis and influenza

acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir

herpes

sexually transmitted virus causing blisters around genitals, mouth, and/or rectum

hepatitis

virus causing inflammation of the liver, causing fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and more

influenza

flu, viral infection causing fever, cough, sore throat, congestion, body aches, headaches, fatigue, and more

antiretroviral

treat HIV/AIDS, includes NRTIs, NNRTIs, PIs and FIs

Antihistamines

inhibit allergic reactions of inflammation and other allergy symptoms

diphenhydramine, fexofenadine, loratadine

antitussive

suppresses cough, used especially for dry coughs

codeine, dextromethorphan, benzonatate

decongestant

constricts nose blood vessels to allow mucous and fluid to drain to treat sinusitis, allergies, and common cold

pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

expectorant

decreases thickness of mucous in lungs to expel mucous

guaifenesin

antidepressants

treats depression

SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, TCAs

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

increases levels of serotonin in brain, treating depression and OCD

citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline

serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)

increases serotonin and norepinephrine in brain, treats depression, anxiety, chronic pain

desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, levomilnacipran, venlafaxine

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI)

increases levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in brain, treats depression

selegiline, phenelzine

tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)

increases levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in brain, treats depression and bedwetting in children

amitriptyline, doxepin, imipramine

antianxiety agent

treats anxiety caused by external events or internal neurological imbalance

benzodiazepines, buspirone

anxiety

uneasiness and apprehension about possible events

benzodiazepines

treats anxiety by increasing relaxation

alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam

analgesic

relieves pain, both non-narcotic and narcotic (opioid derived)

acetaminophen, aspirin, cox inhibitors, NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen), oxycodone, codeine, and more

hypnotics and sedatives

result in sedation, treating insomnia, sleep disorders, and anxiety

eszopiclone, zaleplon, zolpidem

insomnia

inability to fall asleep, waking up during the night, waking up early, not feeling well-rested, irritability, poor attention span

antipsychotic

controls emotions, which treats schizophrenia

atypical: aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone

typical: prochloroperazine, haloperidol

schizophrenia

psychotic disorder involving delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, abnormal motor behavior

narcotic analgesic

inhibit pain pathway, treating moderate to severe pain

fentanyl, hydromorphone, meperidine, morphine, oxycodone with acetaminophen (all controlled)

non-narcotic analgesics

inhibit COX2 to reduce mild to moderate pain

NSAIDs

opioids

old natural painkiller, can also suppress coughing

antipyretics

lowers fever

anti-inflammatory

reduces inflammation

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)

prevents inflammation, used to lower inflammation and fever and for mild to moderate pain relief

ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, ketorolac, indomethacin

COX2 inhibitors

decreases inflammation, treating symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and mild to moderate pain

celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, amlodipine

aspirin

antiplatelet that treats mild pain, fever, inflammation

acetaminophen

treats fever and mild to moderate pain

acetadote, cetylev

muscle relaxants

treats muscle tension

backfen, carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine

disease-modifying antirheumatic agents (DMARD)

suppress overactive immune response of body, treating upset stomach and mouth sores

abatacept, adalimumab, etanercept, methotrexate

rheumatoid arthritis

pain, aching, stiffness, tenderness, swelling in more than one joint

osteoarthritis

pain, stiffness, tenderness, loss of flexibility, bone spurs, swelling

antiepileptic/anticonvulsant

treats epilepsy

carbamazepine, donazepam, divalproex, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, pregabalin, topiramate, phenytoin sodium

epilepsy

recurrent seizures

anti-parkinson's agent

treat symptoms of parkinson's disease

levodopa, carbidopa, amantadine, benztropine, ropinirole

Parkinson's disease

muscular difficulties (control loss and tremors), generally effects patients 60+ y/o

anti-alzheimer's disease agent

treat symptoms of alzheimer's disease

donepezil, gingko, memantine, rivastigmine

Alzheimer's disease

neurodegenerative disease leading to dementia (forgetfulness)