PHSC1122 Physio II - Chapter 26 Renal System (Intro-26.2) pt 1

Urinary system

removes most metabolic wastes produced by the body's cells

Kidneys

paired organs that remove metabolic wastes from circulation and produce urine

Urinary tract

eliminates urine and includes the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Ureters

paired tubes that run from the kidney to the bladder to transport urine

Kidney and bladder

What are the ureters between?

Urinary bladder

muscular sac that temporarily stores urine prior to urination

Urethra

exit tube that conducts urine to the exterior; also transports semen in males

Urination or micturition

process of eliminating urine; involves contraction of the muscular urinary bladder, forcing urine through the urethra, and out of the body

Excretion, elimination, and homeostatic regulation

three main functions of the urinary system

Excretion

removal of metabolic wastes from body fluids (removing from blood)

Bodily fluids like blood

Excretion involves removal of wastes from what?

Elimination

discharge of wastes from body (removing from body)

The body

Elimination involves discharge of wastes from what?

Homeostasis of the volume and solute concentration of blood

What does the urinary system regulate?

Either side of the vertebral column

Where are the kidneys located?

Left is slightly superior to right

Which kidney is superior to the other?

Adrenal gland

What caps the superior surface of the kidney?

Overlying peritoneum, contact with adjacent visceral organs, and supporting connective tissues

3 things that help maintain the positions of the kidneys

Hilum

prominent medial indentation of the kidney; point of entry for renal artery and renal nerves and point of exit for renal vein and ureter

Renal artery and renal nerves

What enters at the hilum?

Renal vein and ureter

What exits at the hilum?

Renal sinus

internal cavity within kidney

Renal cortex

superficial region of kidney that is reddish-brown and granular

Superficial, reddish-brown, and granular

What is the renal cortex of the kidney like?

Renal pyramids

6 to 18 triangular structures in the renal medulla; base touches the cortex; tip (renal papilla) projects into renal sinus

Renal medulla

Where are the renal pyramids?

Renal papilla

the tip of the renal pyramid that projects into the renal sinus

Into the renal sinus

Where does the renal papilla (tip of the renal pyramid) project?

Renal columns

bands of cortical tissue that separate adjacent renal pyramids and extend into medulla; they have distinct granular texture

Adjacent renal pyramids

What do the renal columns separate?

Granular

What is a renal column's texture like?

Kidney lobe

consists of a renal pyramid, overlying area of renal cortex, and adjacent tissues of renal columns and produces urine

Renal pyramid, overlying area of renal cortex, and adjacent tissues of renal columns

3 things a kidney lobe consists of

Ducts within each renal papilla

discharge urine into a minor calyx, a cup-shaped drain

Minor calyx

a cup-shaped drain that ducts within each renal papilla discharge urine into

Major calyx

formed by four or five minor calyces

Four or five minor calyces

form a major calyx

Renal pelvis

large, funnel-shaped chamber formed by two or three major calyces; it fills most of renal sinus and is connected to the ureter

Large, funnel-shaped chamber formed by 2 or 3 major calyces

What is the structure of the renal pelvis like?

20-25 percent

How much of total cardiac output does the kidneys receive?

1200 mL

About how much blood flows through the kidneys each minute

Renal artery

What does each kidney receive blood through?

Segmental arteries

receive blood from the renal artery and divide into interlobar arteries

Interlobar arteries

radiate outward through renal columns between renal pyramids and supply blood to arcuate arteries

Arcuate arteries

arteries that arch along boundary between cortex and medulla of kidney

Afferent arterioles

branch from each cortical radiate artery; deliver blood to capillaries supplying individual nephrons

Cortical radiate arteries

What do afferent arterioles branch from?

Capillaries supplying individual nephrons

What do afferent arterioles deliver blood to?

Cortical radiate veins

deliver blood to arcuate veins

Arcuate veins

empty into interlobar veins

Interlobar veins

drain directly into renal vein

Renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, cortical radiate artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, venule, cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, renal vein

List the flow of renal circulation from renal artery to renal vein (14)

Glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries

3 parts of renal circulation within the nephron (taken from figure c. flowchart of renal circulation)

Nephrons

microscopic functional units of the kidneys; each consists of a renal corpuscle and renal tubule, which empties into collecting system

A renal corpuscle and renal tubule

What does each nephron consist of?

Collecting system

What does each renal tubule empty into?