Biology - Enzymes Test

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metabolism

use of energy and matter by organisms

anabolism

creating molecules

catabolism

breaking down molecules

dehydration synthesis

creating polymers by removing water

hydrolysis

breaking down polymer by adding water

endergonic

free energy increased over reaction

exergonic

free energy decreases over reaction

activation energy

energy that is needed to start a reaction

free energy

energy that is added or given off

reactants

materials at the start of a reaction

products

materials created by a reaction

enzyme

protein that is a biological catalyst

catalyst

material that reduces the activation energy of a reaction

substrate

material that combined with the enzyme to create a reaction

active site

place where an enzyme reacts with a substrate

lock and key

model that shows an enzyme and substrate fitting together perfectly

induced fit

model where the enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate

effect of high heat, acids, bases

things that denature enzymes

denature

when an enzyme breaks down

effect of cold temperatures

reduce enzyme effectiveness, but don’t denature

effect of concentration of reactants

increases reaction rate, then levels off

allosteric inhibitor

bonds with an enzyme to stop it from working

competative inhibitor

takes up the active site to prevent enzyme reactions

coenzyme

helps an enzyme to find substrates to react with