Introduction to Veterinary Science (2nd edition): Chapter 11

Abscess

An accumulation of fluid (pus) in a dead space between tissues containing bacteria, white blood cells, and dead tissue

Banded (says "Band" in glossary)

Means of nonsurgical castration in which a band is placed above the testicles, thus cutting off the blood supply, causing atrophy

Tetanus

Acute bacterial infection causing muscle stiffness and rididity; often called lockjaw

Antigen

Any foreign material that is capable of stimulating an immune response

Lymph

Transparent yellowish fluid that travels through the lymphatic system, which helps to remove bacteria and proteins, transport fat, and supply lymphocytes

Stocking up

Term used to describe an accumulation of fluid in the legs of horses that have been tied for excessive periods

Phagocytized (says "Phagocytosis" in glossary)

Process in which a cell engulfs and ingest particles

Edema

Swelling due to an accumulation of fluid

Humoral immunity

Production of antibody in presonse to an antigen

Primary response

Initial antibody production that occurs when an antigen is first introduced to the body

Secondary response

Quick response mounted against a second exposure to an antigen, which typically prevents disease development

Pus

Accumulation of infection-fighting cells, destroyed pathogens, dying tissue cells, and tissue fluid that results at the site of infection

Modified live vaccines

Immunizations that are manufactured from altered versions of pathogens

Killed vaccines

Immunizations that are manufactured from dead versions of pathogens

Active immunity

Disease resistance resulting from exposure of an animal to a pathogen either through disease contraction or vaccination

Passive immunity

Disease resistance resulting from transfer of antibodies from one animal to another

Colostrum

Antibody-rich milk that is first produced by the mother and secreted initially after parturition

Intranasally

In the nose

Kennel cough

Disease involving severe cough, which commonly occurs in dogs kept in close quarters

Pruritus

Severe itchiness

Atopy

Sensitization to foreign antigens

Anaphylaxis

generalized life-threating allergic reaction

Titer

Measure of antibody levels in the bloodstream

Seroconversion

Change in titer reading by four times

ELISA test

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

True or False: Horses may experience leg swelling when tied for an extended period.

True

True or False: All pathogens have only one site of determinant.

False

Lymph begins as _____ fluid that forms between the cells.

Interstitial

What is the typical life span of plasma cells?

4 to 5 days

Do larger or smaller molecules typically elicit the immune system?

Larger

What is the site of recongition on an antigen called?

Antigenic determinant

What removes aged red blood cells from circulation?

The spleen

What gland controls body temperature?

Hypothalamus

What type of molecule are antigens.

Foreign

What human disease is closely associated with cowpox?

Smallpox

Who is credited for the firsst vaccine?

Edward Jenner

What two cells have the primary responsibility for phagocytizing antigens when first detected by the body?

Neutrophils and macrophages

Do naturally occuring molecules cause an immune reaction?

Yes

Do blood vessels dilate at the site of infection, causing reddening or inflammation?

Yes

How does fever aid in the fight against pathogens?

The fever helps to destroy virally infected cells