U7 Global Conflict AP World

Ap World, Global conflict ww1, ww2 Revolution

Russian Revolution

Russian Revolution

Prompted by labor unrest, personal liberties, and elected representatives, this political revolution occurred in November 1917 when Czar Nicholas II was murdered and Vladimir Lenin sought control to implement his ideas of communism.

Mexican Revolution

(1910-1920 CE) Fought over a period of almost 10 years form 1910; resulted in ouster of Porfirio Diaz from power; opposition forces led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

Militarism

the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Intertangling Alliances

A grouping of nations where each one pledges mutual support to the others. The formation of alliances was an underlying cause of WWI. This caused WWI because the conflict originally involved between two countries were likely to involve many more countries due to the alliance. For example, Germany was an ally of Austria Hungary, if they were at war, then Germany would be automatically at war. Examples include Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy), Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, Russia)

Pan-Slavism

A movement to promote the independence of Slavic people and to create the nationalist states in Eastern Europe

Assasination of Archduke Ferdinand

The spark that started World War I

Total War

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

Propaganda

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause, like support for a war

Uncle Sam

a personification of the United States government, propaganda to encourage men to join the World War I effort

Wartime Conversion

In order to meet the supply needs of the US military, many factories were converted from civilian to military purposes. This conversion lasted till war's end

Chlorine and mustard gas

Chemical weapons were used for the first time in war.

Submarines, Airplanes, and Tanks

Modern weapons that were first effectively used in World War I

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Stock Market Crash

Another leading component to the start of the Great Depression. The stock became very popular in the 1920's, then in 1929 in took a steep downturn and many lost their money and hope they had put in to the stock.

Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

The New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946)

A British economist who believed that governments should intervene in the economy to stimulate economic growth.

Fascist Corporatist economy

An anti-capitalist economy where government controlled corporations and had political influence through them.

Stalin's Five Year Plan

industrial growth (economically), modernize soviet economy and national defense, central planning of the economy by communists.

Manchuko

puppet state in Manchuria under Japanese control, only a few countries recognize it as a legit nation

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

As announced in 1940 by Japan's prime minister, the area extending from Manchuria to the Dutch East Indies in which Japan would expand its influence

Indian National Congress

A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor.

May Fourth Movement

A 1919 protest in China against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign influence.

Mao Zedong and the Long March

Mao Zedong (1893-1976) was the leader of China a prominent figure in communism. Mao believed in Marxism, but made his own version called Maoism which was based off of Marx's ideas but changed to show his own ideas as well. Mao believed that peasants were the key figures in a successful revolution instead of the classic proletariats. Mao Zedong and the Long March were extremely important because Mao got a lot of people to join the communist party during the Long March

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Treaty that ended World War I; it was much harder on Germany than Wilson wanted but not as punitive as France and England desired.

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Fascism

A governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, influencing industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism.

Benito Mussolini

Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.

Weimar Republic

the republic that was established in Germany in 1919 and ended in 1933, very weak.

Adolf Hitler

Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in Mein Kampf (1925-1927), he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II.

Mien Kampf

(My Struggle) is the signature work of Adolf Hitler, combining elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitler's political ideology of Nazism. Written while he was in prison for his role in the Beer Hall Putsch

Nazi Party

the political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933

Rhineland 1936

Hitler defied the Versailles Treaty when he invaded this demilitarized zone

Annexation of Sudetenland

1938; place of contention between Germany and Czechoslovakia; participants at the Munich Conference, yielding to Adolf Hitler, transferred Sudetenland to Germany.

Munich Conference (1938)

During the Munich Conference of 1938, Britain and France met with Hitler, allowing him to take over Czechoslovakia as long as he agreed to expand no further. The agreement was seen as an assurance of peace.

Appeasement

A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler.

Spanish Civil War

In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. The revolt quickly became a civil war. The Soviet Union provided arms and advisers to the government forces while Germany and Italy sent tanks, airplanes, and soldiers to help Franco.

General Francisco Franco

In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. Franco led the Fascists, fighting republican forces. In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). Franco ruled until his death in 1975.

Atomic bombs dropped on Japan

led to surrender of Japan and the end of World War II - nuclear weapons used

Fire Bombing of Tokyo

An air raid on Japan using incendiary bombs. Led to the destruction of more than half of the city.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Two Japanese cities on which the U.S. dropped the atomic bombs to end World War II.

Winston Churchill

A noted British Prime Minister who led Britain throughout most of World War II

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Democratic president who created the New Deal to counter the effects of the Great Depression and led the US through World War II

Joseph Stalin

Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition

The Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to eliminate Jews, political opponents, homosexuals, and mentally and physically disabled.

Anti-Semitism

Prejudice and discrimination against Jews

Nuremburg Laws

1935 laws defining the status of Jews and withdrawing citizenship from persons of non-German blood.

Kristallnacht

(Night of the Broken Glass) November 9, 1938, when mobs throughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jews.

Jewish Ghettos

Areas of towns where only Jews lived in Germany occupied territory prior to their movement to concentration camps.

The Final Solution

Hitler's program of systematically killing the entire Jewish people