Chapter 2: Synthesis of Physical Properties of Gases

Flashcards about the physical properties of gases, including kinetic theory, gas behavior, pressure, and gas laws.

What are the three types of movements that can animate particles of matter?

Vibration, rotation, and translation.

What factors determine the kinetic energy of a gas particle?

The energy of a gas particle depends on its mass and velocity.

According to the Maxwell distribution curve, how does temperature affect particle speed?

At higher temperatures, the most probable speed of gas particles is greater.

What are the main assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases?

Particles are infinitely small, move in straight lines, exert no forces on each other, and have average kinetic energy directly proportional to absolute temperature.

What are the key behaviors of gases?

Gases are compressible, can undergo expansion, and disperse through diffusion and effusion.

According to Graham's law, how does gas weight affect diffusion rate?

A lighter gas diffuses more rapidly than a heavier gas under the same conditions.

What relationship does Graham's law establish between gas diffusion rates and molar masses?

The velocities of diffusion of two gases are related to the square root of the inverse of their molar masses.

How do gases exert pressure?

Gases exert pressure on all surfaces in contact in all directions.

What does the pressure of a gas on an object depend on?

The sum of the forces exerted by the collisions of gas particles on a surface.

What is normal atmospheric pressure measured in kPa, mmHg and atm?

101.3 kPa = 760 mm Hg = 1 atm

What are manometers?

Instruments that measure pressure.

What does TPN stand for and what are the conditions?

Temperature and pressure normal; 0 °C and 101.3 kPa

What does TAPN stand for and what are the conditions?

Temperature ambiante et pression normal; 25 °C and 101.3 kPa

What does Boyle-Mariotte's law state?

At constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.

What does Charles' law state?

At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

What does Gay-Lussac's law state?

At constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

What does Avogadro's law state?

At the same temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles.

What is molar gas volume?

The volume occupied by one mole of gas under defined conditions of temperature and pressure.

What is the molar gas volume at TPN and TAPN?

22.4 L at TPN and 24.5 L at TAPN.

How is gas pressure related to the number of moles at constant temperature and volume?

At the same temperature and volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles.