Euthanasia

One step

-pentobarbitol in conscious animal

-gunshot

Two step

Captive bolt with an adjunct: IV salts, exsanguination, pithing, second shot

Other acceptable methods

• Electrocutions (220V), not used very often

• CO2 (piglets and kids only)

NOT acceptable methods

• Manual blunt trauma (exception swine neonates)

• IV disinfectants

• Conscious/sedated adjunct

• 120V electrocution

• Drowning

• Air embolism

Cow captive bolt landmarks

Goat captive bolt landmarks

Llama capitive bolt landmarks

Pig captive bolt landmarks

Effective stun

• Drop and stays down

• No corneal reflex, pupils central

• No normal rhythmic breathing

Confirming death

o Heartbeat and respiratory effort

o May take a few minutes

o Rigor is definitive