Abnormal Findings CH. 16 EYES

Pseudostrabismus

false appearance of eye misalignment, making the eyes look inward. Usually from facial features like a broad nasal bridge or epicanthal folds, while the eyes are actually straight 

Esotropia

One eye turns inward

Exotropia

One eye turns outwards

Phoria

Tendency for the eyes to drift out of alignment during cover test

Paralytic strabismus

eye misalignment caused by weakness or paralysis of one or more extraocular muscles due to nerve damage 

Ptosis

Drooping of upper lid

Ectropion

outwardly turned lower eyelid

Conjunctivitis

Generalized inflammation of the conjunctiva

Exophthalmos

Protruding of the eyebalss and retracted lids

Chalazion

Infected meibomian gland

Hordeloum

(stye) tender lump on the lid margin

Entropion

Inwardly turned lower eyelid

Blepharitis

Staphylococcal infection of the eyelid

Diffuse episcleritis

inflammation of the sclera

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

bright red areas of the sclera

Corneal scar

appears greyis white, may be due to inflammation or an old injury

Early pterygium

thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that extends across the nasal side

Miosis

constricted and fixed pupils

Aniscoria

pupils of unequal size

Mydriasis

dilated and fixed pupils

Papilledema

swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure

optic atrophy

degeneration of the optic nerve, leading to a pale optic disc and progressive, usually permanent, vision loss.

Glaucoma

Disease that damages the optic nerve, which can lead to blindness if left untreated

Open-angle glaucoma

patchy blind spots in peripheral or central vision, tunnel vision  

acute angle closure glaucoma

severe headache, eye pain, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, halos around lights, eye redness 

Macular degeneration

Deterioration of macula, central area of retina

Cataracts

Impaired vision due to claudy part of lens, due to proyein obstructing light

Nuclear cataract

affect the center of lens

Peripheral cataract

affect edges of lens