mce2 - cranial nerves

sensory nerves

in charge of feeling temperature change, pressure, etc.

motor nerves

in charge of making the body do something like raising shoulders, moving tongue

proprioceptors

in charge of allow us to sense our limb location without looking, control muscle effort, and make rapid, automatic adjustments to movement and posture

mechanoceptors

respond to stretch, vibration, and pressure in skin + muscles; 6 seconds is minimum time for muscles to stretch

photoreceptors

sensitive to light, located in retina specifically

thermoreceptors

in charge of detecting changes in temperature

chemoreceptors

in charge of responding to chemicals for the sense of taste and smell or change of chemistry in blood

I. olfactory

-provides sense of smell

-sensory nerve

II. optic

-provides vision

-sensory nerve

III. ocularmotor

-opens and closes the eyelid and dilating/constricting the pupil

-motor nerve

IV. troclear

-eye movements, specifically looking inferiorly, medially, and laterally

-motor nerve

V. trigeminal

-provides sensation in the ears and cheeks. also in charge of chewing

-motor nerve

VI. abducens

-eye movement from left to right

-motor nerve

VII. facial

-controls facial expression and muscles of the face. also allows taste

-motor and sensory nerve

VIII. vestibulocochlear

-allows us to hear and maintain balance

-motor and sensory nerve

IX. glossopharyngeal

-provides sensation to the tongue and controls the muscles in charge of swallowing

-motor and sensory nerve

X. vagus

-regulates many basic functions of living like digestion, blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, mood, and saliva production

-longest of cranial nerves because it runs to the stomach + intestines

-sensory nerve

XI. accessory

-controls neck and shoulder movement (67)

-motor nerve

XII. hypoglossal

-controls tongue movement and helps with speaking, eating, and swallowing

-motor nerve

frontal lobe

-last to develop until 26 yo

-develops deeper thought and critical thinking

-helps w/ smell, speech, and motor control which are controlled in the area

-can be the one that shows most signs of concussion because of how injury could occur

parietal lobe

-understands touch, pressure, taste, and body awareness

-partial in the proprioception of body

-some reading+writing processing

-less commonly associated w/ a concussion but can see signs of other areas being damaged

occipital lobe

-processes vision, some reading+writing processing

-this location is very common for people who have coup or contrecoup concussion and have a CC of vision impairment

temporal lobe

-in charge of hearing and processing of sounds, facial recognition, some reading + writing processing

-some might complain about loud noises if hit on side of the head

cerebellum

-helps w/ coordination, basic movement patterns-if difficulty balancing occurs, this location has been impacted

spinal cord

-connection point between brain and the rest of the body

-if damaged, then it would be very very serious

-close to the pons + other parts of the brain, in charge of basic human abilities

coup

brain collides with skull when impact happens

contrecoup

brain collides with opposite side of skull (bounce back)