The Cell

Cell Membrane

Surrounds and protects the cell, made of proteins and phospholipids, is semi-permeable or selectively permeable (allows some substances to enter)

Cell Wall

only in plant cells, surrounds and protects the cell, made of cellulose

Nucleus

stores genetic information, controls all cell activities

Nucleolus

Found in nucleus, stores genetic information, made of DNA

Nuclear Pore

Openings in the nuclear membrane

Nuclear Envelope/Membrane

Surrounds the nucleus, controls what enters nucleus

Cytoplasm

Made of water, surrounds all cell parts, chemical reactions occur here

Chloroplast

Found only in plant cells, performs the function of photosynthesis which produces food (glucose) for the plant from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide. Contains a green pigment called chlorophyll

Mitochondria

Produces energy for the cell from food (glucose) and oxygen through the process of cellular respiration

Ribosomes

Produce proteins for the cell: can be free-floating or attached to the ER

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Makes and transports proteins and lipids throughout the cell

Rough ER

makes and transports proteins, surrounded by ribosomes

Smooth ER

makes and transports lipids

Golgi Body/Apparatus

Takes proteins and lipids and modifies, sorts, and packages them before they are exported from the cell

Lysosome

Contain digestives enzymes that break down old cell parts and foreign material

Vacuoles

Storage organelles that contain food or water for the cell...very large with water in plant cells

Cytoskeleton

Thin fibers that give support to the cell, help in cell movement, made of proteins

Centrioles

Found only in animals cells, help in the process of cell division

Cilia

Short, hair like structures that surround some cells and help in movement

Flagella

Long, whip like structure that is found on the outside of some cells and helps in cell movement (flagellum is singular)