Cofactors/Coenzymes

Dihydrolipoic acid, reduced (protonated)

CoA, reactions of thioesters

Lipoic acid, oxidized (deprotonated)

PLP, reactions of amino acids and C1

NAD+, oxidized (deprotonated), hydride carrier

NADH, reduced (protonated)

TPP, reacts alpha-keto acids

Pyruvate

PQQ, methanol oxidation

Topa, oxidation of Topa to TPQ

TPQ, co-factor amino oxidases

TTQ

Methanol

Formaldehyde

Methane

Formate

loss electrons, loss of hydrogen, or gain of oxygen

Oxidation

gain of electrons, gain of hydrogen, or loss of oxygen

Reduction

donates electrons to oxidizing agent, becomes oxidized

Reducing agent

accepts electrons from reducing agent, becomes reduced

Oxidizing agent

SAM, Fe-S enzyme cleaves to produce radical (H2C-Adolase), reactions of C1 groups

acyl transfer reactions, reactions of thioesters

lipoate importance

alcohol to carbonyl oxidation reaction

NAD+/NADP+

pterin, reactions of O2

molybdopterin, redox reactions

reactions of C1 groups

folates importance

folic acid

dihydrofolate

tetrahydrofolate

biotin, carboxylation reactions

participate in either 1e- or 2e- redox reactions, reactions of O2

importance flavins

flavin (oxidized, depronoated)

dihydroflavin (reduced, protonated)

cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)

Methylcobalamin (Methyl B12) (folate deliver methyl)

Hydroxocobalamin (Cob(III)alamin)

Adenosylcobalamin (Co-enzyme b12)

carbonyl to alcohol reduction

NADH/NADPH

Quinones, reactions of O2 and amino acids

Reaction of C1 groups

B12 importance

riboflavin, reacts o2

FMN/FMNH

FAD/FADH