Assistive Technology Final Exam

SETT Framework

What it does: Helps teams decide on the right assistive tech by looking at the Student, Environment, Tasks, and Tools

Used for: Mainly students with disabilities in schools.

CMOP-E

Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement

What it does: Focuses on the interaction between Person, Occupation, and Environment

Used for: All ages, to guide OT interventions and understand barriers to engagement.

MPT

Matching Person and Technology

What it does: Matches tech to the person's needs, preferences, and environment to improve success

Used for: Anyone using assistive tech, especially adults.

HAAT

Human Activity Assistive Technology

What it does: Looks at how a person (human) uses assistive tech to do an activity in a specific context

Used for: All ages and settings to select or evaluate assistive devices.

ICF

International Classification of Functioning

What it does: Provides a universal language for health and disability—focuses on body functions, activities, participation, and environment

Used for: Everyone

AT Process

-Identify patient goals through occupational profile exploration, assess skills, functional abilities, past experiences with AT, and context

-A patient's goal is not always independence; allow more for choice and control

Elements of context

-physical (setting, access, light, noise, temperature, transportation)

-social (attitudes and caregivers)

-institutional (policy and legislation)

-cultural (stigma, perspective, barriers)

Eval Assessments

-Matching Person and Technology (MPT)

-Assistive Technology Device Predisposition Assessment (ATD-PA)

-Matching Assistive Technology and Child (MATCH)

-Individually Prioritized Problem Assessment (IPPA)

-School Function Assessment Assistive Technology Supplement (SFA-AT)

-COPM

-Goal Attainment Scale (GAS)

Rehab Act

Requires equal access to tech and programs in schools, jobs, and government.

ADA

Makes sure public places, jobs, and communication are accessible—including with AT.

Assistive Tech Act

Gives states money to offer AT services, device loans, and training.

IDEA

Says schools must consider AT in IEPs to help students learn.

Missouri AT (MoAT)

Missouri's program that lets people try, borrow, or get help with AT.

AT3Center

Helps state AT programs (like MoAT) with training and resources.

Primary goal of AT for hearing loss

access to clear communication and equal participation in daily activities

AT examples for hearing loss

-hearing aids

-remote microphones

-interpreters

-note takers

-recorded lectures

-flashing lights

-vibrations

-preferential seating

Contextual supports for hearing loss

-504/IEP plans

-teacher training

-access to captions or transcriptions

Primary goal of AT for vision loss

improve visual access or provide non visual ways to get information

AT examples for vision loss

-high contrast materials

-screen readers

-textured materials

-use spotlight

-auditory compensation

Contextual supports for vision loss

-lighting control

-seating placement

-accesible materials

Primary goal of AT for cognitive challenges

support memory, attention, and organization for daily tasks and learning

AT examples of cognition

-timers

-reminders

-visual schedules

-step by step apps

Contextual supports for cognition

-routines

-caregiver training

-task simplification

-quiet environments

Seat width

-measured from the widest aspect of the user's buttocks, hips or thigh

-It should be wide enough to avoid pressure on the hips

Seat depth

-measured from the user's posterior buttock, along the lateral thigh to the popliteal fold with your palm horizontal to the seat

-usually, a space of about 2 inches is preserved to avoid pressure from the front edge of the seat against the popliteal space

Seat height

-determined by the height of the individual and if the wheelchair is self-propelled

-when using the feet to propel, the seat height should allow for them to reach the floor with their heel

-those using footrests have higher seat heights. It is measured from the user's heel to the popliteal fold

-the bottom of the footrest is 2 inches from the floor

Armrest height

-should allow user sit erect, with level shoulders when bearing weight on the forearms as they rest on the armrest

-it is determined by measuring the distance between the seat of the chair and olecranon and adding one inch

Backseat height

-the inferior angles of the scapula should be approximately 1 finger-breadth above the back when the user sits with erect posture

-it is determined by measuring the distance between the seat of the chair to the patient's axilla, and subtracting four inches

Footrest length

-affects the support of both the feet and the thighs and the clearance of the footplates and the ground

-the footplate must be about 1 to 2 inches off the ground to permit adequate ground clearance

Purpose of a letter of medical necessity

a written explanation from the medical professional for services, equipment, or supplies to the insurance company to get payment

What goes in a LMN

-Addresses, contact info, credentials

-Client name, diagnosis, ICD code, and dates relative to diagnosis

-Home environment

-What the client can't do and how AT would help

-What the client won't be able to do without the AT

-Specifics of device (measurement, model, numbers, links)

-Reference to back up recommendations

-Role as OT and goals

3D printing design considerations

-Function

-Constraints

-User input

-Safety

-Comfort

-Aesthetics

-Durability

-Existing designs -> modified designs -> original design

3D printing safety

Don't create devices that ...

-go into the body

-touch food

-life saving/sustaining devices, DME

-robotics

-liability concerns

3D printing benefits

customizable and improve occupational performance

3D printing outcomes

-switches

-leisure tasks

-gaming

-home activities/assist daily living

Type of orthotics

-immobilization

-dynamic

-serial static

-static progressive

Immobilization orthotic

used to limit or reduce pain during healing

Dynamic orthotic

one or more components that produce motion to increase passive motion, active assisted motion, or substitute loss motion

Serial static orthotic

achieve slow, progressive increase in ROM by remolding orthosis

Static progressive orthotic

static mechanism that adjusts the amount or angle of traction acting on a part for gradual progression as tolerated

Role in prostetics

-Prevent further injury and stabilize joints

-Facilitate movement

-Fall prevention

-Safe transfer

-Optimal weight bearing

-Consider cost, design, CLOF, motivation, cognition, accessibility, body image, exercise level, safe compensatory technology, anatomy, material/skin integrity, etc

Purpose of AAC and switch access

help people engage in communication occupations through motor, cognitive, and visual adjustments; self-advocacy during ADLs

Keyguard

plastic frame to isolate keys into seconds to prevent swiping

Touchguide

small circular opening for accuracy to prevent swiping

NovaChat, Proslate AAC devices

Accent 1400 device

one switch automatic linear scanning

Tobii I12

two switch step scanning (columns and rows)

Jellybean switch

accessible to get vs others

Pillow switch

limited dexterity needed

Microlight switch

limited pressure needed and handheld

AAC and switch access evaluation considerations

-cognition

-vision (tracking, scanning, acuity)

-motor (dexterity, strength, ROM)

Parenting with a disability: general types of devices

-boppies

-high chairs

-front facing carriers

-bath seats

-zip/magnet clothing

-bottle maker

-chair seats

-bassinets

-crib adjustments

-car seats

-containers to limit exploration

Purpose of adaptive sports and leisure

promote fun, inclusion, health, fitness, and social participation

Types of adaptive sports devices

-sports wheelchairs

-handcycles

-adapted skis

-grip aids

-prosthetics

-adaptive gaming equipment

Types of adaptive leisure devices

-switch activated toys

-large print playing cards

-adapted art tools

-accessible musical instruments

Purpose of home safety evaluations

Identify barriers and risks in the home to improve safety, independence, and access

Steps in home modification process

1) Review referral and prep: talk with client/family, gather forms, check PLOF, consider DME.

2) Arrange home visit with client and caregiver/staff.

3) Conduct assessment: current function, access (inside/outside), lighting, fall risks, existing mods.

4) Plan and review changes: use images, recommend DME/AT, discuss funding.

5) Evaluate outcomes: safety, satisfaction, number of recs used, billing.

Levels of community mobility

1) walking

2) wheelchair/scooter use

3) riding as a passenger

4) using public transportation

5) driving independently

Examples of vehicle modifications

-hand controls

-left foot accelerator

-wheelchair lift/ramp

-swivel seats

-pedal extenders

-modified steering