4.1 Jefferson Administration

What is the difference between loose and strict constructionism?

Loose constructionism allows for more expansive governmental power by way of the elastic clause.Strict Constructionism attempts to limit governmental authority by interpreting the Constitution more narrowly.

Federalist: Loose interpretation Dem-Rep: strict interpretation

What were the Barbary Wars?

A series of wars with the Barbary states of North Africa which were precipitated by Barbary demands for tribute payments from U.S. (and other) trade vessels. George Washington and John Adams both agreed to pay the tributes, but Thomas Jefferson thought it a slight on American honor and thus refused to pay.

What was the Louisiana Purchase? Why was it controversial?

This land acquisition (purchased from France) west of the Mississippi River doubled the territory of the United States. It was controversial because secretary John Jay was authorized to purchase parts of New Orleans, but when Napoleon offered the entire territory, Jay accepted without presidential or congressional approval. Additionally, being a strict constructionist, Jefferson could find no constitutional provision for the president purchasing land. Thus, it became an example of a violation of Jefferson’s strict constructionism.

Explain the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

Expanded the power of the Supreme Court (judicial branch) by setting a precedent for judicial review. Massive check on the legislative and executive branches.

Revolution of 1800

the peaceful switch of political parties from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans in the White House. The Republican party was more of a "people's party" in comparison to the Federalists.

Midnight Judges

the appointment of Federalist judges at the very end of Adams' term as president.

Chesapeake Leopard Affair

(1807) a US warship was attacked by British who claimed 4 traitors were on board. Led to Embargo Act of 1807.

Embargo Act

Under Jefferson, forbade the export of all goods from the United States to any foreign nation; in response to the Chesapeake Incident. This slows down the American economy and really hurts Northeast.

Unintended consequence was industrial revolution in North