Joints (Types)

Also known as articulation

joints

Any place where adjacent bones or bone and cartilage come together to form a connection

joints

What are the three functional classification of joints

synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

A functional type of joints where it is immovable

synarthrosis

A functional type of joints where it is slightly moveable 

amphiarthrosis

A functional type of joints where it is freely moveable

diarthrosis

Two classifications of joints are based on?

Function and structure

Three categories based on axes of motion 

uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial

Movement in one plane

uniaxial

Movement in two places

biaxial

Movement in three or more planes

multiaxial

What are the three structural classification of joints?

fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, synovial joints

Joints where adjacent bones are strongly united by fibrous connective tissue, generally immovable

Fibrous joints

Joints where the bones are connected by cartilage, immovable or slight moveable

Cartilaginous jointsS

Joints characterized by synovial cavity filled synovial fluid which lubricates and nourishes joints, freely moveable

Synovial joints

This joint has no cavity, held together by dense connective tissues, synarthroses, and its types are sutures, syndesmosis, and gomphoses

Fibrous joints

This type of fibrous joint joins the bones of the skull, synarthroses, its convoluted shape prevents movement between bones

sutures

This type of fibrous joint joins two parallel bones using fibrous connective tissue, space between bones may be narrow or wide, and wide spaces are filled by an interosseous membrane, is amphiarthrosis

syndesmosis

Found between radius and ulna of forearm and between tibia and fibula of leg

syndesmosis

Type of fibrous joints that anchors teeth to maxilla (upper jaw) and mandilla (lower jaw), made out of periodontal ligaments (short bands of dense ct), are synarthrosis

Gomphoses

Type of cartilaginous joint joined by hyaline cartilage

synchondroses

Type of cartilaginous joint joined by fibrocartilage

Symphyses

Newborn skull contains wide areas of connective tissue between bones called?

Fontanelles

Anterior fontanelle ossify/fuse after how many months

18

Posterior fontanelle ossify/fuse after how many months

12

Type of synovial joint consisting of a spherical head of one bone fitting into a cup-like depression of another bone

Ball-and-socket joints

Type of synovial joint allowing movement primarily in one plane, like a door hinge, permitting only flexion and extension

Hinge joints

Type of synovial joint, also known as rotary joints, that allow rotational movement around a central axis

Pivot joints

Type of synovial joint allowing movement in two planes, primarily flexion and extension, as well as abduction and adduction

Condyloid joints

Type of synovial joints similar to condyloid joints but have greater range of motion. They allow flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction

Saddle joints

Type of synovial joint characterized by sliding or gliding movement of the articulating surfaces of bones

Gliding joints

Movement of joint that reduces the angle of the joint from resting position

flexion

Movement of joint that returns joint to resting position 

extension 

Movement of joint that increases joint angle beyond 180 degrees

hyperextension

Movement of joint that allows bending of neck or body toward left or right side

Lateral flexion

Movement of joint that moves a limb, finger, toe, or thumb away from midline of body

Abduction

Movement of joint in which it moves a limb, finger, toe, or thumb toward midline

Adduction

A movement of joint in a circular motion

Circumduction

A movement of joint in twisting movement

Rotation

A movement of joint that moves anterior of a limb toward midline

Medial rotation

A movement of joint that moves anterior of a limb away from midline

Lateral rotation