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Somatosensory System
A sensory system that conveys information about touch, pain, temperature, and body position.
Pacinian Corpuscle
A type of mechanoreceptor that detects vibration and pressure in the skin.
Nociceptors
Sensory neurons that respond to potentially harmful stimuli by sending signals that the brain interprets as pain.
Dorsal Column Pathway
The neural pathway that carries sensory information related to touch and proprioception from the periphery to the brain.
Sensory Homunculus
A visual representation of the areas of the brain responsible for processing sensory information from different parts of the body.
Neuroplasticity
The brain's ability to adapt its structure and function in response to experience and injury.
Glutamate
An excitatory neurotransmitter involved in pain signaling within the nervous system.
Substance P
A neuropeptide involved in the transmission of pain and other sensory signals in the nervous system.
Spinothalamic Pathway
A neural pathway that conveys pain and temperature sensations from the spinal cord to the thalamus and other brain regions.
Analgesia
The absence or reduction of pain.
Afferent Nerve Fibers
Nerve fibers that carry sensory signals to the central nervous system.
C Fibers
Unmyelinated nerve fibers that transmit dull, aching pain.
A Delta Fibers
Myelinated nerve fibers that transmit sharp, acute pain rapidly.
Vanilloid Receptor 1
A receptor on C fibers that detects temperature and pain, such as the sensation from capsaicin.
TRPM3 Receptors
Receptors located on A delta fibers that detect higher temperatures and sharp pain.
Congenital Insensitivity to Pain (CIP)
A rare condition in which a person cannot feel physical pain due to a genetic mutation.
Tissue Damage
The injury to biological tissues that can trigger pain responses through nociceptors.
Electrical Stimulation
A method to control pain by applying electric currents to stimulate nerves.
Acupuncture
A traditional Chinese medicine technique that involves inserting needles into specific points on the body to relieve pain.
Morphine
An opiate pain medication that acts on the central nervous system to relieve severe pain.
Endogenous Opioids
Naturally occurring peptides in the brain that bind to opioid receptors to alleviate pain.
Naloxone (Narcan)
An opioid antagonist used to counteract opioid overdoses by reversing the effects of opioids.
Pain Receptors
Receptors that detect pain stimuli in the body.
Chronic Pain
Long-lasting pain that persists beyond normal healing, lasting longer than three months.
Neuropathic Pain
Pain caused by damage to the nervous system, often felt after an injury has healed.
PAG (Periaqueductal Gray)
A brain region involved in the modulation and processing of pain signals.
Inflammatory Response
The body's response to tissue injury, which often includes pain and swelling.
Hypodermis
The deepest layer of skin tissue that contains fat and connective tissue, providing insulation and cushioning.
Pacinian Corpuscle Structure
A pressure receptor composed of a capsule of connective tissue with layers that detect vibrational stimuli.
Epidermis
The outermost layer of skin, containing sensory receptors for pain and temperature.
Dermis
The skin layer beneath the epidermis, containing touch receptors and other structures.
Neural Pathway
A series of connected neurons that transmit signals from one part of the nervous system to another.
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