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Collagen residues that occur in smaller amounts
3-hydroxylprolyl, 5-hydroxylysyl
Main collagen residues
Glycine (33%), Proline and 4 hydroxylprolyl (15-30%)
Prolyl Hydoxylase
converts proline resides to prolyl residues needed in collagen, requires vitamin C for its activity
Scurvy
a result of vitamin C deficiency causing newly synthesized collagen to not form fibers properly
Enzymatic pathway
lysyl oxidase catalyzes deoxidation of lysine to form allysine; 2 allysines undergo aldol condensation to form allysine aldol; allysine aldol reacts with histidine to form aldol histidine; aldol histidine can react with 5 hydroxylase to form a schiff base crosslinking four side chains