Y10 Mock

Frontline trench

most advanced position where attacks made from 50 percent of time here

Support trench

200-300m behind firing line

troops would retreat here if front line under attack

used to hold reserve troops and supplies like ammunition and food

these could be sent to the front line when needed to help soldiers

Mustard Gas

1917 Blistering Agent

caused blisters burning breathing difficulties worked 12 hours could cling to clothes

Chlorine Gas

1915 first deadly gas killing agent suffocating

July troops given masks before urine covered handkerchiefs used to prevent gas in lung

Phosgene

1915 quicker than/ similar to chlorine colourless could kill in 2 days

How to answer source question?

J

C- broad then quote

K

N

O- who wrote it

P- why

Casualty clearing Stations

where operations gradually took place

most severely wounded

Account source usefulness ?

own experiences but could be exaugurated

there were not enough …

medical personnel on the western front so not professionals had to help

Battle of Somme

Deadliest Battle

60 000 dead first day

Chaplain ?

religious man so could be sensitive to war and death so could omit key info

Diary

private record not intended to show anyone

Army surgeon

professional on the source

Expert add weight to source

Blood transfusions problem

even though blood groups aware blood typing could not be done easily at the front lines

direct transfusion most common - slow process

How many British deaths due to gas

5 percent

Symptoms of Gas attacks

Blindness loss of taste smell breathing difficulties

suffocation

Lots of people waiting for treatment could show how a

number of people affected by gas attacks

show that gas was still used in

1918

Gas masks were issued in

but they were not

July 1915

not effective

“One similarity between people’s reaction to the plague in 1348 and 1665 was that

in both time periods, people tried to get rid of miasma which they believed was causing the illness. In 1348 they would carry around sweet smelling herbs such as rosemary. They still did this in 1665 as well as burning barrels of tar and smoking cigars

Explain why there was rapid change in the treatment of illness in Britain during the twentieth century. p2

Discovery of Magic Bullet by Paul Ehrlich

Chemical compounds that kill specific germs without harming specific cells

realised that if dyes could stain certain bacteria, certain chemicals could kill them

First Ehrlich and his team searched for compound magic bullets for syphilis

he tried over 600 compounds

Hata joined the team 1909 and saw compound 606 worked

led to more medicine sand magic bullets being developed for different disease

Explain why there was rapid change in the treatment of illness in Britain during the twentieth century. p1 most important

NHS - most important

start 20 century access to health care was limited. Many couldn’t afford to buy medicine or go to the doctor and infant mortality rates were extremely high.

But after WW2 People attitudes began to change

care for the poor’s health

Beveridge wrote a report in 1942 calling for government provision of social security.

This led to the NHS being founded and introduced in 1942 be minister of health Bevan.

Now more people had access to treatment and could deal with illness

Explain why there was rapid change in the treatment of illness in Britain during the twentieth century.

p3

advancement of science and tech

Now devices can diagnose earlier

CT Scans which were invented in 1972 by Hounsfield . They use advanced x-rays to diagnose tumours and other growths like cancer which can be treated using chemotherapy - drugs that kill cancer cells.

Earlier diagnosis meant illness could be treated at an earlier stage, so treatment would be more likely to be successful

Why was there little progress in medicine during the Renaissance period

most advancements were about anatomy

Vesalius - dissections

Galen Church dominating

Printing press Guttenberg 1440

Royal Society 1660 King Charles ii gave it a royal charter

Jenner’s vaccination against smallpox was a major breakthrough in the prevention of disease in Britain during the period c1700–c1900.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer?

You may use the following in your answer.

 cowpox  cholera

Intro

In the 1700s Epidemics were common and Jenner found a way to prevent them using vaccinations which involved giving patients a much milder disease called cowpox

Jenner’s vaccination prevented small pox many people resisted his vaccination because they were wary of using a disease linked to animals and because Jenner didn’t know how it worked.

In my opinion I think that Jenner’s vaccination was …

Jenner’s vaccination against smallpox was a major breakthrough in the prevention of disease in Britain during the period c1700–c1900.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer?

You may use the following in your answer.

 cowpox  cholera

Intro p1

The most important reason … the only way a disease could be fully prevented

Small pox was one of the most deadly diseases in the 1700s - killed more children than any other disease.

Jenner a country doctor in Gloucestershire heard that milk maids couldn’t get small pox but they did catch the milder form cowpox

Jenner investigated and discovered this was true people who had cowpox didn’t get small pox

Jenner tested on a boy in 1796 - who didn't contract smallpox.

published in 1798

Jenner's vaccination provided a method for preventing smallpox

Thus Jenner vaccination was a …

Jenner’s vaccination against smallpox was a major breakthrough in the prevention of disease in Britain during the period c1700–c1900.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer?

You may use the following in your answer.

 cowpox  cholera

Intro p2

A second reasons why … was that the only only way before Jenner to prevent small pox was inoculation (from Britain to Turkey) involved making a cut into a patients arm and soaking it in puss taken from somebody with a mild form of small pox

But this meant patients had to experience small pox and so some died as a result

Also, only the rich could afford to inoculate themselves leaving the rest of the country vulnerable to small pox

vaccinations were offered for free

Herd immunity

Jenner’s vaccination against smallpox was a major breakthrough in the prevention of disease in Britain during the period c1700–c1900.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer?

You may use the following in your answer.

 cowpox  cholera

Intro p3

Despite the fact that Jenner’s vaccination was the most Important reason for the major breakthrough in the prevention for disease in 1700 -1900, Some people resisted vaccinations. Some doctors who gave the older type of inoculation saw it as a threat to their livelihood and many people were worried about giving themselves a disease that was from a cow. these people produced cartoons with cows bursting out of vaccinated patients sores and other groups produced pamphlets against vaccination.

This led to more people not getting vaccinated and hence vaccinations had a more limited effect until in 1852 government made small pox vaccination compulsorily

Jenner’s vaccination against smallpox was a major breakthrough in the prevention of disease in Britain during the period c1700–c1900.’ How far do you agree? Explain your answer?

You may use the following in your answer.

 cowpox  cholera

Intro p4

Furthermore another reason why vaccination could be seen as not a major breakthrough was that Jenner didn’t know why his vaccination worked. This lack of understanding meant Jenner couldn’t develop any other vaccines and that others would be afraid of using it and limiting the impact

Moreover some people saw vaccinations as interfering with God’s plan for humans and that it was unreligious however during this time people were less religious so the number of people who believed this would be small

Therefore Jenner’s vaccination is a major breakthrough

What other prevention was there in 1700 -1900?

government 1848 Public health Act which set up national board of health

and 1875 Act which made it compulsory

germ theory