PT 505 Postural Control

maintain alignment, anticipate change, react

Three functions of postural control

Static, reactive, anticipatory, adaptive

Four types of postural control

Static Postural Control

Maintain the body's center of mass within the base of support

Cone of stability

distance center of gravity can move over base of support without losing stability

False

You can have too much sway, but you can never have too little sway. True or False?

Reactive

Postural control that governs the unexpected movement of the COM within or outside the BOS

Anticipatory

Postural control that is the postural adjustment made before a movement

Adaptive

Postural control that is the modification of a motor response due to a change in environment conditions or task demands

BOS, COP

Limits of Stability

structures, flexibility, muscle tone

Musculoskeletal system components of postural control

vision, somatosensory, vestibular

Sensory organization components of postural control in order of development

neck

At 2 months, the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular systems form a map to __________ muscle system

4 months

When do babies have a multisensory mapping to neck muscles for head control?

3 years

At what age does visual dominance begin to decline for postural control?

7 years old

When can we begin to balance efficiently with vestibular information (adult postural control)

visual, support

The two different conditions in the Sensory Organization Test

Fixed support

What kind of condition in the Sensory Organization Test gives reliable somatosensory feedback?

Sway-referenced support

What kind of condition in the Sensory Organization Test gives unreliable somatosensory feedback?

Fixed visual

What kind of condition in the Sensory Organization Test gives reliable visual feedback?

visual eyes closed

What kind of condition in the Sensory Organization Test gives no visual feedback?

Sway referenced visual

What kind of condition in the Sensory Organization Test gives unreliable visual feedback?

Vestibular

What is the reliable information given during the sway-referenced support and visual in the Sensory Organization Test?

Vestibular

What system is available in all of the conditions of the Sensory Organization Test?

eye-head stabilization

Visual and vestibular systems give input to keep balance; component of postural control

eyes, labyrinths

Structures aiding in eye-head stabilization

HSS

Mature postural control strategy which is exocentric and uses gravity or global reference frame as a reference for head stabilization

HST

Immature postural control strategy which is endocentric to stabilize the head stabilization

motor coordination

Postural control component moving eyes, hands, and fingers together to do a job

Predictive central set

"Postural readiness" ; Mature motor control is characterized by the ability of the body to anticipate what movement is to come and minimize disturbance

Anticipatory postural control

The Predictive central set can also be referred to as:

Environmental adaptation

Component of postural control in response to a changing environment, modifying out postural alignment

Cephalocaudal, proximodistal

What directions does postural control develop?

1 month

Chin up occurs at:

4 months

Chest up and head control occurs at:

Sit when placed, straight back, no hand support

Three criteria for sitting

Pelvic

According to the proximodistal direction of postural control development, ____________ control would need to develop before leg control.

Ankle

Most mature and efficient postural control stance with minimal sway

7-10 years

When does ankle control of our posture/stance mature?

Hip, 4-6 years

What postural controller of stance is easier to use in response to an external lateral force? When does it mature?

Stepping

What postural controller of stance is the least mature?

Roll, both hands push up, wide BOS

Three characteristics of a toddler's rise from supine to stand:

Reaching

More mature arm movement to get up:

immature

Trunk rotation to get up is mature or immature?

Mature

When rising from supine to standing, symmetry is mature or immature?

5

When rising from supine to standing, rolling to our side and using one hand to push up matures at what age?

4

When rising from supine to standing, rolling to our side and using two hands to push up matures at what age?

7

At what age do we develop the adult-like pattern of rising from supine to standing?

Least common

Is symmetry in rising more common or least common in adults?

toddler

Most common rising pattern in older adults resembles the ____________ pattern

Hip flexion, dorsiflexion

What kind of ROM is required to get up efficiently, especially in older adults?

knee extensors

These strong muscles make getting up faster and more efficient

increased kyphosis, increased lower extremity flexion

Posture characteristics in older adults that cause balance challenges

True

Sensory input, motor input, adaptive control, and anticipatory control all decline as an older adult. True or False?

attention

Older adults require more _____________ to focus on their balance and performance of posture.