PCOM Prelim

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Communication

is the process of sending and receiving messages through verbal or nonverbal means, including speech, or oral communication; writing and graphical representations (such as infographics, maps, and charts); and signs, signals, and behavior.

Sender

Encoding

Message

Channel

Receiver

Decoding

The Process of Communication

Sender

the communicator is the person who initiates the conversation and has conceptualized the idea that he intends to convey it to others.

Encoding

The sender begins with the ________ process wherein he uses certain words or non-verbal methods such as symbols, signs, body gestures, etc.

Message

can be written, oral, symbolic or nonverbal such as body gestures, silence, sighs, sounds, etc.

Channel

It must be selected carefully in order to make the message effective and correctly interpreted by the recipient.

Receiver

is the person for whom the message is intended or targeted.

Decoding

Here, the receiver interprets the sender's message and tries to understand it in the best possible manner.

Feedback

is the final step of the process that ensures the receiver has received the message and interpreted it correctly as it was intended by the sender.

Physical Noise

is interference that is external to both speaker and listener; it hampers the physical transmission of the signal or message.

Physiological Noise

is created by barriers within the sender or receiver.

Psychological Noise

is mental interference in the speaker or listener.

Semantic Noise

is interference created when the speaker and listener have different meaning systems. Maybe when I use a word, you have a slightly different meaning in mind. This can cause confusion.

Verbal Communication

is the exchange of information that happens through words.

Non-Verbal Communication

is the exchange of information through wordless cues.

oral communication

written communication

Verbal Communication Examples

gestures

postures

facial expressions

eye contact

physical proximity

touching

Non-Verbal Communication Examples

Clear

Correct

Complete

Concrete

Concise

Consideration

Courteous

THE 7 C's of COMMUNICATION

Clear

The message should be clear and easily understandable to the recipient.

Correct

The message should be correct, i.e. a correct language should be used, and the sender must ensure that there is no grammatical and spelling mistakes.

Complete

The message should be complete, i.e. it must include all the relevant information as required by the intended audience.

Concrete

The communication should be concrete, which means the message should be clear and particularly such that no room for misinterpretation is left.

Concise

The message should be precise and to the point.

Consideration

The sender must take into consideration the receiver's opinions, knowledge, mindset, background, etc.

Courteous

It implies that the sender must take into consideration both the feelings and viewpoints of the receiver such that the message is positive and focused at the audience.

Local Communication

Refers to the exchange of information, messages or ideas within a specific geographic area or community

Global Communication

refers to communication between individuals or groups from different countries or cultural backgrounds

Globalization

is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.

is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world.

Standard Marine Communication Phrases

(SMCP)

International Maritime Organization

(IMO).

Code Blue

is the most universally recognized emergency code.

Code Red

typically means there is a fire or smoke within the hospital.

Code Black

most often indicates a bomb threat.

(Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation)

SBAR

Register

is defined as the way a speaker uses language differently in different circumstances.

are used in all forms of communication, including written, spoken, and signed.

FROZEN REGISTER

FORMAL REGISTER

CONSULTATIVE REGISTER

CASUAL REGISTER

INTIMATE REGISTER

TYPES OF LANGUAGE REGISTERS

Frozen Register

This form is sometimes called the static register because it refers to historic language or communication that is intended to remain unchanged, like a constitution or prayer.

Formal Register

is used in professional, academic, or legal settings where communication is expected to be respectful, uninterrupted, and restrained. Slang is never used, and contractions are rare.

Consultative Register

People use this register often in conversation when they're speaking with someone who has specialized knowledge or who is offering advice.

Casual Register

This is the register people use when they're with friends, close acquaintances and coworkers, and family.

Intimate Register

Linguists say this register is reserved for special occasions, usually between only two people and often in private.

THE COMMUNICATION PURPOSE

This is what the sender wants to accomplish in and through his speech or written correspondence.

To Inform

The sender's concern when his purpose is to inform is to present an interesting and clear way worthwhile for the listeners' understanding.

To Entertain

The main intention of the sender when his purpose is to entertain is not to present information. Nor does the speaker hope to persuade the listeners in order to stir them to a particular action.

To Persuade

is to win the receiver's intellectual agreement and preferably action on its part.

To Convince

Since convincing entail changing the mind-set of the receiver in relation to some point, one already in agreement with the sender cannot be convinced.

To Actuate

The speaker aims to produce action which are direct and observable.

To Stimulate

Those who need to be stimulated or impressed are the ones whose attitudes lean on the favorable side, whether definitely favorable, moderately favorable or extremely favorable.

Social Determinism Theory

Society determines the development and use of technology.

Technological Determinism Theory

Technology drives social change and shapes human behavior.

Social Media Platforms

allow people to create personal pages, post profile images and updates on their lives, and create a friend list of people who can see your updates.

Blogs

are personal websites where people can publish or 'log' information for others with an internet connection to read - all around the globe.

Vlogs

are “video logs". They emerged as an extension of blogging after increased bandwidths enabled regular people to post video online.

Live Video Stream

is an extension of vlogging that has responded to online content consumers' needs for immediacy and authenticity.

Conferencing and Live Lecture Technology

Sophisticated conferencing technology helps workplaces communicate across long distances. Today, live conferencing technology tends to use live video alongside complex speaker systems.

Group Wikis

is a website where anyone can edit and add content. The most famous wiki is, of course, Wikipedia.

Group Forums

allows people to post questions and answers for others to respond to. Many forums are sorted by topics, such as Reddit, which allows people with shared interests to communicate with one another.

Tablet Computers

The sleek, modern tablet computers that we enjoy today emerged around 2008-2010 with the emergence of big players like Android and Apple into the tablet computer market.

Podcasts

are packets of audio information that can be uploaded and stored on cloud technology ready for anyone to download and listen to at-will. A podcast can be automatically downloaded onto a smartphone through RSS feeds so that fans of a podcast series can get the latest episodes at-will.

Wearable Technology

help make communication easier than ever. A wearable technology is any information technology that is carried on the body.

Smart Speakers

are computerized personal assistants placed around offices and homes in order to help people complete tasks hands-free. They are usually activated using a hot word, like 'Hey Computer' or 'OK Google'. Smart speakers can hear people from distances, allowing people to use the speakers while still going about their business.

Web chat

has been around since the early days of the internet, it has experienced a resurgence in recent years for business to consumer (B2C) communication.

Email

has been around since at least the 1970s, it makes this list because of its continuing relevance in the 21st Century.