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The Conditional

Expresses the idea of what would happen.

Conditional Endings

The endings for all verbs added to the infinitive are: ia, ias, ia, iamos, iais, ian.

Accent Mark in Conditional

All endings have an accent mark on the 'i'.

Conditional Irregular Verb: Venir

Changes to 'vendr' in the conditional.

Conditional Irregular Verb: Salir

Changes to 'saldr' in the conditional.

Conditional Irregular Verb: Poder

Changes to 'podr' in the conditional.

Conditional Irregular Verb: Haber

Changes to 'habr' in the conditional.

Conditional Irregular Verb: Hacer

Changes to 'har' in the conditional.

Conditional Irregular Verb: Tener

Changes to 'tendr' in the conditional.

Conditional Irregular Verb: Poner

Changes to 'pondr' in the conditional.

Conditional Irregular Verb: Saber

Changes to 'sabr' in the conditional.

Conditional Irregular Verb: Querer

Changes to 'querr' in the conditional.

Conditional Irregular Verb: Decir

Changes to 'dir' in the conditional.

Uses of Conditional

Used to make polite requests.

The Past Subjunctive

Formed by dropping the –ron ending from the ustedes/ellos/ellas form of the preterite.

Past Subjunctive Endings

The endings for the past subjunctive are: ra, ras, ra, ramos, rais, ran.

Accent in Past Subjunctive

An accent is added on the letter before 'r' in 'ramos'.

Past Subjunctive with Stem Changes

Verbs with changes in preterite retain them in all forms of the past subjunctive.

Past Subjunctive in Spain

In Spain, it's common to use another set of endings: –se, –ses, –se, –semos, –seis, –sen.

Situations for Past Subjunctive

Used in the same situations as the present subjunctive, but with a past point of reference.

Use of Past Subjunctive with Como Si

Used after the expression 'como si' (as if).

Polite Requests with Past Subjunctive

Commonly used with 'querer' to soften statements.

Si Clauses

Express a condition or event on which another condition or event depends.

Structure of Si Clauses

Contain a subordinate clause (si clause) and a main clause (result clause).

Comma in Si Clauses

A comma is used only when the si clause comes first.

Hypothetical Conditions (Possible)

Si clause uses present indicative; the main clause can use present indicative, future indicative, ir a + [infinitive], or a command.

Hypothetical Conditions (Improbable)

Si clause uses past subjunctive; the main clause uses the conditional.

Contrary-to-Fact Situations

Possible situations that probably will not happen.

Habitual Past Actions in Si Clauses

Both the si clause and the result clause use the imperfect.

Present Indicative

Used in hypothetical statements that are likely to occur.

Future Indicative

Can be used in the main clause after a present indicative si clause.

Ir a + [infinitive]

An alternative structure for the main clause in si clauses.

Command in Si Clauses

Another option for the main clause when the si clause is present indicative.

Past Subjunctive Formation

Dropping the –ron ending from the preterite and adding past subjunctive endings.

Politeness with Quisiera

'Quisiera' is used to indicate 'I would like to...'

Main Clause vs Subordinate Clause

The main clause expresses the result; the si clause expresses the condition.

Imperfect in Si Clauses

Used to describe habitual actions that are not contrary-to-fact.

Subordinate Clause

The clause that contains the condition, often introduced by 'si'.

Main Clause

The clause that states the result of the condition in the si clause.

Use of Conditional for Requests

The conditional is used to soften or make polite requests.

Politeness in Language

Using the past subjunctive for polite expressions like requests.

Hypotheticals in Spanish Grammar

Si clauses allow for the discussion of hypothetical situations.

Accent Mark Importance in Spanish

Indicates the correct pronunciation and meaning of some verbs.

Use of the Future Tense in Hypothetical Scenarios

Expresses promises or predictions based on si clauses.

Improbable Situations

Utilize past subjunctive in the si clause and conditional in the result.

Commonality of Past Subjunctive Usage

Frequently employed in written and spoken Spanish, especially in formal contexts.

Learning Irregular Verbs

Essential for mastering conditional and subjunctive forms.

Accent Marks Role

Indicate stress and distinction in verb conjugations.

Forms of Past Subjunctive

Includes both standard and literary versions used in Spanish.

Si Clause Placement

The si clause can appear at the beginning or end of a sentence.

Using Conditional for Hypothetical Outcomes

Used to speculate about possible future scenarios.

Subjunctive vs Indicative

The subjunctive is used for doubts and wishes, while indicative conveys certainty.

The Future Tense

Formed by adding appropriate endings to the infinitive of the verb: é, ás, á, emos, éis, án.

Present Tense

Formed by conjugating the verb to match the subject pronoun appropriately.

The Preterite Tense

Formed by using specific endings for regular verbs: é, aste, ó, amos, asteis, aron for -ar verbs; í, iste, ió, imos, isteis, ieron for -er and -ir verbs.

The Imperfect Tense

Formed with the endings: aba, abas, aba, ábamos, abais, aban for -ar verbs; ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían for -er and -ir verbs.