Founders of Psychology - Graphic Organizer (Key Schools of Thought)

Flashcards covering major psychology schools of thought and their key concepts and contributors from Page 1 notes.

What are the two founders associated with Structuralism?

Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Bradford Titchener; introspection and the idea that humans are different from other creatures.

What is the basic method used in Structuralism?

Introspection.

What is the focus of Psychodynamic/Psychoanalysis?

The unconscious mind.

Which concept in Psychoanalytic theory involves Id, Ego, and Superego?

Id, Ego & Superego.

What idea is described as the window to the unconscious mind in psychoanalysis?

Dream interpretation.

Who are two major figures in Psychodynamic/Psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung.

Who are the key figures in Humanism?

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.

What is Maslow's key concept in Humanism?

Hierarchy of needs.

What type of therapy is associated with Humanism?

Human-centered therapy (client-centered therapy).

What is a core belief about humans in Humanism?

Every person is unique.

In Humanism, what term describes a person’s self-perception?

Self-concept.

Who are the major figures listed under Behaviorism?

Edward Thorndike, John Watson, B. F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov, Rosalie Raynor.

What are the two main types of conditioning in Behaviorism?

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning.

What are forms of reinforcement in operant conditioning?

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement.

What are forms of punishment in operant conditioning?

Positive punishment and negative punishment.

Who are the figures associated with Functionalism?

William James, Charles Darwin, Francis Galton.

What is a key idea of Functionalism about living things?

Living things adapt to their surroundings; survival of the fittest; genetic traits are passed from one generation to the next.

What debate is linked to Functionalism?

Nature side of the nature-nurture debate.

Who were the main figures in Gestalt Psychology?

Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka, Max Wertheimer.

What does Gestalt mean?

Meaningful whole.

What is a core idea about perception in Gestalt Psychology?

The brain makes connections; our experience is more than the sum of sensory input.

Who is associated with Cognitive Psychology in these notes?

Jean Piaget.

What topics does Cognitive Psychology study?

Mind and mental function, including learning, memory, attention, perception, reasoning, language, conceptual development, and decision making.

What phrase describes cycles of thought in these notes?

Cycles of thought.