AP Human Geography (1/4)

Rostow's modernization model is concerned with which of the following concepts?

A) Dependency

B) Structuralism

C) Core-periphery relations

D) Economic development

E) Neocolonialism

D

As a less developed country's economy evolves, the size of the primary sector, the size of the secondary sector, and the size of the tertiary sectors fluctuate. Which of the following statements best describes the highest level of job-opportunity change as countries shift from the periphery to the semi-periphery level of development?

A) Primary sector employment increases as the country's domestic demand for food and energy increases.

B) Primary sector employment increases as the country's economy becomes increasingly export oriented.

C) Tertiary sector employment grows more quickly than any other sector because of foreign direct investment.

D) Secondary sector employment increases as the demand for manufactured products increases.

E) Secondary and tertiary sector employment declines as factories and offices are increasingly automated.

D

It is generally agreed that the current trend in climate change is caused by:

A) sea-level rise

B) increased use of fossil fuels

C) reduction in biodiversity

D) tilt of Earth's axis

E) changes in the velocity of ocean currents

B

Political geographers consider which of the following as the core area of the United States?

A) The Los Angeles-San Francisco area

B) The New York-Washington, D.C., area

C) The Chicago-Detroit area

D) The Atlanta-Birmingham, Alabama, area

E) The Buffalo-Cleveland area

B

Core-periphery models are generally based on the idea that:

A) all world regions are equally well developed

B) levels of social and economic development are fairly uniform between core areas and peripheral areas

C) sharp spatial contrasts in social and economic development exist between economic heartlands and outlying subordinate areas

D) the growth and prosperity of core countries has not been achieved at the expense of peripheral countries

E) the economic and social heart of a territory should be at its geographic center

C

The popularity of which of the following is an example of the trend toward ecotourism?

A) Time-share condominiums on the coast of Spain

B) Ski resorts in Chile

C) National parks in Costa Rica

D) Recreational canals in Florida

E) Artificial lakes in Texas

C

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals do not mention population growth, but most of the goals will affect population growth. Which of the following statements correctly explains a link between the Sustainable Development Goals and population growth?

A) Reducing infant mortality rates can lead to a desire to have a smaller family.

B) Reducing poverty and hunger increases population growth as it makes larger families possible.

C) Gender equality and empowering women leads to fewer women in the paid labor force.

D) Combating communicable diseases and improving maternal health means more potential mothers survive and have additional children.

E) Economic development strategies make it possible to support larger families.

A

Which of the following explains a significant obstacle to sustainable development in more developed countries?

A) The reliance on fossil energy sources for electric generation and vehicle fuel has depleted resources globally and contributed to atmospheric pollution in cities.

B) The reliance on renewable energy for local electric generation and home heating creates significant risks, as alternative energy storage is more expensive than using fossil fuels.

C) High energy prices and low energy consumption have reduced the need for the development of additional sources of renewable energy for individual vehicles and homes.

D) Low population growth in more developed countries has reduced the need for the development of additional sources of renewable energy for individual vehicles and homes.

E) Increased economic productivity in less developed countries has moved investment funding away from the development of new sources of renewable energy for individual vehicles and homes.

A

The country of Costa Rica has protected 25 percent of its land in the form of national parks or other protected areas. Which of the following best explains the desired effect of Costa Rica's process of land preservation?

A) Costa Rica's national parks and preserved areas are intended to promote international ecotourism and support the country's sustainable local economic development.

B) Costa Rica's national parks and preserved areas are designed to attract multinational corporations, providing Costa Rica with economic sustainability.

C) Costa Rica preserved these areas to meet the requirements to join the Central American Common Market, which funds environmental sustainability initiatives in member countries.

D) Costa Rica preserved these areas to establish special economic zones for the exportation of manufactured products to the United States.

E) Costa Rica is predominately an agricultural nation and preserved these areas for the future expansion of global agricultural commodity chains.

A

Which of the following statements explains a weakness in Rostow's stages of economic growth model?

A) The model is based on the principle of initial advantage that highlights the importance of an early start in economic development for all countries in the world.

B) The model is based on successive stages that countries must pass through independently until they reach high mass consumption without taking into account that countries are interdependent.

C) The model is based on the permanent classification of countries into the core, semiperiphery, and periphery, and countries are unable to move up or down from one category to another.

D) The classification for a country pertains to the entire country with no condition for variation in the level of development within a country.

E) The model is based on the premise that development in one place requires underdevelopment in another place.

B

Which of the following explains a limitation of the three-tiered structure of Wallerstein's world systems theory?

A) The model does not provide for countries outside of the core to accomplish any of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

B) The scale of the model does not pertain to individual countries but rather to regions in the global contexts of core, semiperiphery, and periphery.

C) Individual countries can score higher on certain indicators of development and lower on other indicators as they shift from the periphery to the core.

D) The model locks most countries into the development model of core, semiperiphery, and periphery with little opportunity for peripheral economies to advance into the wealthy core.

E) The three-tiered system of the model cannot be mapped; therefore, the model has no spatial application.

D