BTECH MOD 2

Primary function of wall systems in buildings

Load transfer and enclosure

Significance of the Monadnock Building

Traditional masonry bearing-wall structure

Why masonry bearing walls become thicker at lower floors

To resist greater gravity loads

Primary cause of bending in walls

Lateral loads and eccentric gravity loads

Vertical reinforcement in masonry walls mainly increases resistance to

Bending and overturning

Construction system using solid walls, floors, and roofs rather than cavity framing

Contemporary masonry bearing wall

Wall system typically used as non-load-bearing infill within a structural frame

Metal and wood stud wall (drywall system)

Vertical reinforcement in walls primarily helps resist

Horizontal displacement

Main purpose of hooks in reinforcement bars

Provide anchorage and embedment length

Hook angle commonly required for seismic detailing

90°

Purpose of splices in reinforced concrete

Join reinforcement bars

A lap splice transfers force between bars mainly through

Bond and friction

Couplers in heavily reinforced columns

Reduce congestion

Column reinforcement is placed near the perimeter primarily to

Resist bending and provide confinement

Function of ties in columns

Prevent bar buckling and resist shear

Reason spiral reinforcement in columns is preferred in seismic zones

Improves ductility

Ties in reinforced concrete walls

Always required

Function of form ties in wall formwork

Support wet concrete pressure

Most appropriate solution for excessive lateral deflection in a masonry wall

Add vertical reinforcement

Issue if wall reinforcement is placed only on one face of a thick wall

Uneven stress distribution

Rule of thumb for estimating depth of a concrete beam and width relative to column

True

Which roof component primarily supports the entire roof system?

Rafters/trusses

The recommended minimum slope for a flat roof is approximately

2%

Which roofing system is most suitable for flat or very low-slope roofs?

Membrane roofing

Built-Up Roof (BUR) systems are composed mainly of

Bitumen and reinforcing fabric layers

In BUR roofing each individual layer of bitumen and fabric is called a

Ply

Modified bitumen roofing differs from BUR because it

Combines reinforcement and bitumen

Which modified bitumen membrane type is more elastic and flexible?

SBS

APP membranes are commonly installed using

Torch-applied heating

A common thermoset single-ply membrane material is

EPDM

Which single-ply installation method uses stone or concrete pavers to prevent uplift?

Ballasted

Which installation method is least prone to leaks but has higher cost?

Fully adhered

Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) roofing mainly provides

Insulation and waterproofing

The protective coating in SPF roofing may be made of

Acrylic or silicone

Fluid-applied liquid membranes are commonly used to

Repair or recoat existing roofs

Which roof component directs water away from the exterior surface of the wall and into the french drain?

Drip edge

Rafters differ from trusses because rafters are

Built individually on site

One major advantage of trusses over rafters is

Quick installation

Which roof slope category typically uses shingles or tiles?

Medium to high-slope roofs

A flat roof shows ponding water after rainfall. Which design improvement best addresses this issue?

Improved slope toward roof drains

A commercial building requires fast installation and consistent structural performance. Which framing system is most appropriate?

Prefabricated trusses

Why are mechanically fastened single-ply membranes more prone to leaks?

Fasteners penetrate the membrane

A designer wants a vaulted ceiling with future attic conversion. Which roof framing system is most suitable?

Rafters

In humid tropical climates roof systems should prioritize

Proper ventilation and moisture control

APP membranes are not recommended for wood substructures mainly due to

Heat and fire risk during torch application

A roof design requires waterproofing for complex shapes and penetrations. Which system is most appropriate?

Fluid-applied liquid membrane