Key Concepts in Atomic Structure and Properties

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts about atomic structure and properties, including key historical figures and definitions.

Parts of the atom

The parts of the atom include protons (positive), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (negative).

Physical properties

Properties that can be observed without changing the identity of a substance.

Chemical properties

Describes how a substance reacts during a chemical reaction.

JJ Thompson

The scientist who discovered the electron.

Ernest Rutherford

The scientist who found that the nucleus of an atom is mostly empty space.

Finding protons using the periodic table

The number of protons is represented by the atomic number.

Finding neutrons using the periodic table

Neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.

Finding electrons

Electrons equal the number of protons in a neutral atom.

Ion

A charged particle; unlike atoms, ions have a net charge.

Atom

A neutral particle that contains protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Kernel electrons

Electrons located on the first electron shell of an atom.

Valence electrons

Electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom.

Bohr model

A diagram that shows the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus.

Error checking in Bohr models

Errors can be found by checking the correct number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.