Cognitive Psychology

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26 Terms

1

Cognition

A field devoted to the study of the science of mind, historically referred to as psychology.

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2

Empiricism

The theory that observation is the basis for scientific inquiry, focusing on stimulus-response associations.

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3

Introspection

A method of inquiry used to explore conscious experience by having trained observers analyze their own sensations.

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4

Objective Introspection

A structured research technique for analyzing one's thoughts, emotions, and memories in an objective manner.

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5

Behaviorism

A branch of psychology founded by John Watson focusing on learned behaviors and the environment.

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6

Cognitive Psychology

A subfield that experimentally observes people's behavior and mental processes.

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7

Cognitive Neuroscience

The integration of evidence from behavior and brain to understand cognitive processes.

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8

Cognitive Neuropsychology

The study of human cognition through the examination of brain-damaged patients.

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9

Computational Cognitive Science

The use of computational models to simulate and predict human cognition.

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10

EEG

A method that measures the brain's electrical activity through the scalp non-invasively.

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11

FMRI

A brain imaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.

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12

Spatial Resolution

The ability to distinguish between two separate points in a space (measured in millimeters for FMRI).

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13

Reaction Time (RT)

The time it takes to respond to a stimulus, used as a measure of cognitive processing speed.

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14

Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff

The principle that achieving greater accuracy often coincides with slower response times.

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15

Subtractive Logic/Method

A technique used to measure the duration of a mental process by isolating variables.

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16

Top-down Processing

Conceptually driven processing where perception is influenced by knowledge and expectations.

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17

Bottom-up Processing

Data-driven processing that begins with stimulus input that influences perception.

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18

Gestalt Psychology

A school of thought that emphasizes perceiving objects as wholes rather than as separate parts.

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19

Perceptual Constancy

The tendency to perceive objects as having constant qualities despite changes in sensory input.

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20

Depth Perception

The ability to perceive the world in three dimensions, allowing the distinction of near and far objects.

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21

Holistic Processing

The recognition of faces or objects as whole entities, facilitating the perception of complex features.

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22

Face Recognition Module

A specialized system in the brain for identifying individual faces quickly and automatically.

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23

Agnosia

A neurological disorder characterized by the inability to recognize or interpret familiar stimuli despite intact sensory functions.

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24

Prosopagnosia

A condition also known as face blindness, impacting the ability to recognize faces.

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25

Inattentional Blindness

A phenomenon where individuals fail to notice an unexpected stimulus while focused on a task.

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26

Change Blindness

A phenomenon where significant visual changes are not noticed by a person despite direct observation.

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