Biology EOC Vocabulary

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 10 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/110

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

111 Terms

1
New cards
concentration
amount of substance in a defined space
2
New cards
gradient
gradual change in the amount of a substance
3
New cards
synthesis
to make from smaller parts
4
New cards
facilitated
helped or made easier
5
New cards
conversion
changing from one thing to another
6
New cards
transport
to move something from one place to another
7
New cards
organelle
specialized structure inside a cell that has a specific function
8
New cards
ATP
usable form of energy for cells/organisms
9
New cards
production
to make or build
10
New cards
osmosis
movement of water through a membrane
11
New cards
host cell
the cell that a virus attaches to, infects, and uses to make more of itself
12
New cards
viral replication
process in which a virus uses a host cell to make more of itself
13
New cards
antibodies
molecule that the immune system produces to help destroy pathogens like viruses that infect the body
14
New cards
viral attachment
Occurs when the shape-specific proteins projecting from a virus attach to host cell proteins; this attachment allows the virus to enter a cell.
15
New cards
immune system
This system protects the body from pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria. Its immune cells destroy invading viruses and bacteria.
16
New cards
lytic
A type of viral infection that has a very rapid onset of symptoms; this is because this type of virus enters a host cell and immediately begins to replicate.
17
New cards
lysogenic
type of viral infection that has a very slow onset of symptoms because the viral DNA hides
18
New cards
genetic material
Molecules that carry genetic information including DNA and RNA; genetic material is found in all types of cells AND viruses.
19
New cards
prokaryote
Type of cell with DNA NOT contained in a nucleus; this type of cell has no organelles.
20
New cards
eukaryote
Type of cell with DNA contained in a nucleus; this type of cell has organelles.
21
New cards
replicate
to make copies of
22
New cards
chromosome
structure of tightly wound or supercoiled DNA found in the nucleus
23
New cards
daughter cells
genetically identical cells that result from the division of a parent cell
24
New cards
division
separation into parts
25
New cards
spindle fibers
rod-like protein structures that move chromosomes during mitosis
26
New cards
prophase
the first stage of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope dissolves and chromosomes and spindle fibers form
27
New cards
metaphase
the second stage of mitosis during which chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell as they become attached to the spindle fibers
28
New cards
anaphase
the third stage of mitosis during which chromosomes are pulled to the poles of the cell by the spindle fibers
29
New cards
telophase
the final stage of mitosis during which nuclei re-form in each of the daughter cells
30
New cards
cytokinesis
division of cytoplasm at the end of mitosis
31
New cards
DNA
the nucleic acid found in the nucleus of cells that transmits genetic information
32
New cards
double helix
the shape of DNA that looks like a twisted ladder
33
New cards
nucleotide
the repeating component of nucleic acids made of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base
34
New cards
nitrogenous bases
molecules that include nitrogen and pair with each other to form the rungs of the DNA ladder
35
New cards
phosphate group
a molecule that is a component of the backbone of DNA
36
New cards
deoxyribose sugar
a molecule that is a component of the backbone of DNA
37
New cards
hydrogen bond
a type of bond formed between nitrogenous bases to form the rungs of the DNA ladder
38
New cards
complementary
describes how nitrogenous bases pair, that is with a specific molecule that completes the ladder’s rungs
39
New cards
sequence
the order of nitrogenous bases in a DNA strand
40
New cards
traits
characteristics of an organism
41
New cards
taxonomy
the way organisms are identified, classified, and scientifically named
42
New cards
classification
putting into categories according to similarities
43
New cards
hierarchy
a way to organize groups where there is an order or there are levels
44
New cards
specific
related to a very particular, precise thing
45
New cards
inclusive
including many or all
46
New cards
population
a group of organisms of the same species
47
New cards
related
being in the same group because of similarities or shared characteristics
48
New cards
characteristic
a trait that helps to identify, describe, or distinguish
49
New cards
common/shared
more than one organism having a particular characteristic
50
New cards
dichotomous
dividing into two parts
51
New cards
function
the job or role of a specific thing
52
New cards
structure
the way something is arranged or organizedto give strength and support
53
New cards
enzyme
molecules that speed up reaction rates in organisms
54
New cards
component
part of a whole
55
New cards
storage
to keep or hold for later use
56
New cards
transport
to move something from one place to another
57
New cards
phospholipids
type of lipid that makes the double-layered cell membrane of all cells
58
New cards
nutrition
obtaining the nutrients necessary for growth and development
59
New cards
molecule
group of atoms bonded together that serves a particular function
60
New cards
glucose
energy molecule that can easily be converted into a type of energy called ATP that cells can use
61
New cards
interactions
communication or direct involvement with another part of an organism or ecosystem
62
New cards
enzyme
molecules that speed up reaction rates in organisms, especially in digestion
63
New cards
signal
a sign (usually a nerve impulse or chemical) that communicates a message to another location in the body
64
New cards
hormone
chemical messenger produced for communication in an organism
65
New cards
receptor
part of a cell or organ that receives a message from the endocrine or nervous systems
66
New cards
stimulate
to cause a response
67
New cards
nutrients
substances, mostly from foods, that are necessary for growth and development
68
New cards
exchange
to trade one substance for another
69
New cards
directly
in a direct line or manner
70
New cards
absorption
the transfer of substances into cells, tissues, or organs
71
New cards
circulatory system
key structures (organs): arteries, veins, heart

main function: transport oxygen and nutrients to cells; transport carbon dioxide and waste from cells; helps regulate body temperature
72
New cards
integumentary system
key structure: skin

main functions: protection from injury and invaders; helps regulate temperature
73
New cards
respiratory system
key structure: lungs

main function: gas exchange (take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide)
74
New cards
digestive system
key structures: stomach, intestines, accessory organs such as the gall bladder and pancreas

main functions: take in, break down, and absorption of nutrients
75
New cards
skeletal system
key structures: bones

main functions: provides for movement at joints; protection of organs; storage of minerals; production of blood cells
76
New cards
muscular system
key structures: muscles

main functions: movement and support
77
New cards
excretory system
\
key structures: kidneys, bladder

main functions: filter and remove waste
78
New cards
reproductive system
key structures: female-ovaries, uterus, vagina; male-testes, penis, accessory glands

main functions: both male and female produce sex cells and hormones; female-nourish a developing fetus
79
New cards
nervous system
key structures: brain, spinal cord, nerves

main functions: receive and process information and then direct and communicate appropriate response(s)
80
New cards
endocrine system
key structures: glands, hormones

\
main function: communication between organs and cells using chemical messengers called hormones
81
New cards
immune system/lymphatic system
key structures: spleen, white blood cells, lymph vessels and nodes

\
main function:defend against infection and collect and drain excess tissue fluids
82
New cards
stigma
female part of a plant that receives pollen
83
New cards
style
female part of a plant through which pollen travels to the ovary
84
New cards
anther
male part of a plant that produces and contains pollen
85
New cards
pollen
male sex cell of a plant
86
New cards
root
part of a plant that is generally underground and absorbs water and nutrients
87
New cards
shoot
part of a plant that is generally above ground and includes the stem and its parts (leaves, branches, flowers, fruit)
88
New cards
vascular
system that has vessels or is made of tubes
89
New cards
xylem
vessels in plants that transport water, generally from the roots to the shoots
90
New cards
phloem
vessels in plants that transport glucose and nutrients, generally from the leaves to all other parts
91
New cards
leaves
part of the plant where photosynthesis occurs
92
New cards
predation
biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey
93
New cards
predator
an animal that kills and eats another animal
94
New cards
prey
an animal that is eaten by another animal
95
New cards
parasitism
relationship between organisms, where one, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it harm
96
New cards
commensalism
relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is not affected
97
New cards
mutualism
relationship between two organisms where both benefit
98
New cards
competition
relationship where two organisms both use the same resource
99
New cards
resources
substances or objects that are necessary for an organism to live, grow, or reproduce
100
New cards
relationships
a connection or interaction between two or more organisms