Give Me Liberty - Chapter 24

Levittown

Suburban communities with mass-produced tract houses built in the New York and Philadelphia metropolitan areas in the 1950s ; typically inhabited by white middle-class people who fled the cities in search of homes to buy for their growing families.

Indian Urban Relocation Program

Federal program during the 1950s and 1960s; encouraged Native Americans to move from reservation lands to cities for better economic opportunity

Baby boom

Increase in birth rates after World War II.

Housing segregation

The practice of denying African American or other minority groups equal access to housing through the process of misinformation, denial of realty and financing services, and racial steering

New conservatism

This mostly republican political movement started as a reaction to the New Deal policies of the 1930's. Its goal was to reduce the role of government.

Interstate Highway System

A system of limited access roadways that connects all major cities in the US. The system was designed to give troops faster routes to get to destinations across the US in the event of an attack on the US. The system's main purpose now is travel by civilians.

Modern Republicanism

President Eisenhower's views. Claiming he was liberal toward people but conservative about spending money, he helped balance the federal budget and lower taxes without destroying existing social programs.

Sputnik

First artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union.

Massive Retaliation

US policy of responding to aggression with overwhelming force.

Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)

Concept that nuclear war would result in the destruction of both sides.

Ho Chi Minh

Leader of North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.

The Beats

This cultural group/movement supported bohemianism and harsh critiques of U.S. society; strong influence on 1960s counterculture

League of United Latin American Citizens

A middle-class Mexican American civil rights organization founded in Texas in 1929. It focused on ending segregation in housing, public facilities and schools.

Brown V. Board of Education

1954 - SCOTUS overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

protest in 1955-1956 by African Americans against racial segregation in bus system of Montgomery, Alabama.

Southern Manifesto

The manifesto was a document written by legislators opposed to integration. Most of the signatures came from Southern Democrats, showing that they would stand in the way of integration

SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)

Civil rights organization formed in 1957 by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and other leaders.

Little Rock 9

Group of African American students who integrated Little Rock Central High School.

Election of 1960

Presidential election between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon.

Military industrial complex

Eisenhower first coined this phrase when he warned American against it in his last State of the Union Address. He feared that the combined lobbying efforts of the armed services and industries that contracted with the military would lead to excessive Congressional spending.