General Biology II: Chapter 26

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Systematics

classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships

Taxonomy

scientific discipline concerned with classifying and naming organisms

Phylogeny

evolutionary history of a species or group of related

Phylogenetic Tree

an illustration of this history

Binomial

two-part scientific name of a species

Genus

first part of binomial (taxonomic rank comprised of species with common attributes)

Taxonomic Groups from broad to narrow

domain kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species

Classification has problems, which concept was created?

phylogenetic tree

Which Taxas are sister taxas?

B and C

Convergent Evolution

organisms not closely related, independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments

Divergent Evolution

descendants of a common ancestor evolved independently

Analogous

structures in different species which perform the same function, have similar appearance and structure, but are not evolved together; do not share a common ancestor

Homology

distinguished from analogy by comparing fossil evidence & degree of complexity

What is an example of homologous structure?

bones of bat wing, bones of human arm

Australian “mole” and African golden mole

both did not have same ancestors

Wing of bird & bat

analogy

Flight of bat vs. non-flight in mice

divergent evolution

Forearm of bat & mouse

homology

Snakes & Eastern Glass Lizards lacking limbs

convergent evolution

Which is not a domain?

bacteria, archaeria, eukarya