HAL Semester 1 Final review guide

What is Washington Irving's writing style?

human stereotypes that reveal a general truth about human nature. usually humorous. romanticism writer

What is the main idea of "The Devil and Tom Walker?"

It is about a man who makes a deal with the devil. he has a good life until he surrenders. him and his wife die. By Washington Irving

What is William Cullen Bryant's writing style/beliefs?

he says to accept death bc it is a natural part of the life cycle. if nature does it we can do it too. romanticism writer

What is Thanatopsis?

it means meditation or death. is a not sentimentalizing death or being sad abt dying, but to rejoice in it bc it's natural. By WCB

Who is Edgar Allen Poe

romanticism writer. favored women, many in his life dies of tuberculosis. pursued a single effect in his writing. orphaned as a child. romantic view of nature and inner self

"The Bells"

4 types of bells - silver holiday bells, golden wedding bells, alarming brass bells, and melancholy iron bells. By EAP

"The Raven"

The speaker reads in his room, mourning his lost love. The speaker hears an unexpected tap on his window. The Raven inspires amusement in the speaker. The Raven repeatedly utters a single word (nevermore). The speaker experiences heightened agitation and sorrow. By EAP

"The Fall of the House of Usher"

is about a man who gets a letter from a childhood friend to come over. notices the house is old and has a large crack. goes inside then Madelin, Roderick's sister dies from her ongoing illness. then Roderick buries her beneath the house. Then the narrator and Rod. began hearing noises then Madelin opened the door. She attacks Rod. as life drains from her, and he dies of being frightened. then the narrator quickly leaves, and the house falls to the ground. By EAP

Enlightenment vs Romanticism

E: reason, logic, society, tradition

R: imagination, emotion, human potential, self

Characteristics of Romanticism?

interest in the common man and childhood, strong senses, emotions, and feelings, awe of nature, celebration of the individual, importance of imagination

Poe's single effect?

he believed that every character, detail, and incident should point to the point of the short story, making a single effect

allteration?

using the same letter or sound at the beginning of words (sally sold seashells)

onomatopoeia?

using a word for a sound (bang, clang)

assonance?

repetition of a vowel (raking, taking)

repetition?

a repeated line or number of lines in a poem

simile?

making a comparison using "like" or "as"

hearsay/folklore

Washington Irving's writing style. Romantic folklore tales, and old truths of mixing history and fantasy, through hearsay

"Dr. Heidegger's Experiment"

By Nathaniel Hawthorne. about 4 old people who are given a second chance to be young by the youthful elixir. Heidegger first dunks a rose into it. they all drink it and are happy, but this is fleeting. the rose shrivels and the people are instantly scared. suddenly, the people are old again. Hawthorne is showing that you cannot fix flaws even if being young again.

"Nature"

By Emerson. talks about nature and what he gets from it. talks about transparent eyeball - represents the influx of divinity that lets one look inwardly and see that he or she is part of the whole creation

"Self-Reliance"

By Emerson. talks about living more simply and relying on and trusting yourself. sees conformity as a bad thing. "To be great is to be misunderstood."

Anti-Transcendentalism (Dark Romantics)

Hawthorne and EAP follow this. Belief in the potential destructiveness of the human spirit. Human nature is inherently sinful (original sin), and evil is an active force in the universe. Focus on the man's uncertainty and limitations in the universe.

Transcendentalism

Emerson and Thoreau follow this. Knowledge comes from intuition, look within, trust our inner light. Literature has no fixed idea, genre, or structure

Over-soul

an ultimate spiritual unity that encompasses all existence

What is found in nature?

1. perfect exhilaration

2. perpetual youth

3. reason and faith

4. himself

"Self-Reliance" key ideas?

trust yourself and sees conformity as a bad thing. "To be great is to be misunderstood."

Conformist in Emerson's terms?

someone who conforms to societal expectations and rules

Non-conformist in Emerson's terms?

someone who does not conform to societal expectations and rules. they break away and do their own thing

"Bug" analogy?

the bug is to man as the table is to society and people can become untrapped from society. Bug needs heat source to be removed, but humans need a soul source to spark our soul

Why did Thoreau leave Walden Pond?

bc he had several more lives to live and already went and needed to move on

Emerson vs Thoreau

Thoreau practiced what Emerson preached

Advantages of poverty?

mental freedom from the burdens of society

"In the tranquil landscape, and especially in the distant line of the horizon, man beholds somewhat as beautiful as his own nature."

Means there is infinite human potential. We can continue to strive for greatness. We can never reach this line bc it is infinite. From "Nature".

"Trust thyself, every heart vibrates to that iron string."

talking about trusting yourself to be more self-reliant. From "Self-Reliance". aphorism

"Whoso would be a man, must be a nonconformist."

who would be a man who's not a non-conformist? From "Self-Reliance"

"A foolish consistency is the hobgoblins of little minds, adores by little statesmen and philosophers and divines."

doing something over and over again without thinking about it. From "Self-Reliance". aphorism

"Society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of every one of its members."

society is against non-conformity and changing. From "Self-Reliance"

"To be great is to be misunderstood"

To be misunderstood is a great thing and allows you to be a genius. From "Self-Reliance"

"Our life is frittered away by detail."

live more simply, simplify your life. From Walden: "Where I lived and what I lived for"

"We do not ride upon railroads they ride upon us."

Metaphorically speaking, railroads are the technology of his time that "rode" upon the backs of people, not the other way around. From Walden: "Where I lived and what I lived for"

"It is remarkable how easily and insensibly we fall into a particular route and make a beaten track for ourselves."

it is crazy how easily we make routines for ourselves and don't change. From Walden: "Conclusion"

"I learned this, at least, by my experiment; that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours."

if someone pursues their dreams, he will unexpectedly meet success. From Walden: "Conclusion"

"If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer."

if someone does something else or does not conform, it is because they march to the beat of their own drum and chose not to. From Walden: "Conclusion"

Why did Thoreau go to Walden Pond, what did he hope to learn and how did he hope to live?

He went to see what living without societal norms would be and what it was like to live alone in nature. "I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately ..."

"If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be."

talking about hopes and dreams. aphorism. From Walden: "Conclusion"

"Walden"

about a man who lives more outside of societal norms. he chooses nonconformity over conforming to societal expectations. By Thoreau

Thoreau's civil disobedience views?

Thoreau believed in passive resistance and being nonviolent and peaceful when choosing to go against society. He also believed in having your own, individual thoughts. He influenced many, including Gandhi and MLK.

MLK's civil disobedience views?

He also believed in being nonviolent to make a change. He hosted multiple peaceful boycotts and felt it was important to keep peace. He was influenced by Thoreau and Gandhi. Ended civil rights movement and influenced many.

Gandhi's civil disobedience views?

Was influenced by Thoreau and also believed in passive resistance. He did not want to be violent in his protests but chose peace instead. He also believed in Satyagraha.

What is Satyagraha?

Policy of non-violent resistance as a means of pressing for political reform. Initiated by Gandhi.

What is Non-cooperation?

A way of protesting in which one does not cooperate with the evildoer

"That government is best which governs least"

Thoreau, talking about his perspective on civil disobedience and government

"Let your life be a counter-friction to stop the machine"

Thoreau talking about civil disobedience and keeping peace.

Who wrote The Devil and Tom Walker?

Washington Irving

who wrote Thanatopsis?

William Cullen Bryant

Who wrote The Bells?

Edgar Allan Poe

Who wrote The Raven?

Edgar Allan Poe?

What other stories did Edgar Allan Poe write?

The Muders in Rue More, A Tall Tale Heart, Mask of the Red Death, and Annebel Lee

Who wrote Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment?

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Who wrote Nature?

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Who wrote Self-Reliance

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Who wrote Walden?

Henry David Thoreau

Transcendentalists 1?

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Transcendentalists 2?

Henry David Thoreau

Anti-transcendentalist

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Romanticism dude?

Edgar Allan Poe

Enlightenment 1?

Washington Irving

Enlightenment 2?

William Cullen Bryant