A&P 2 final ICC

Olfaction

Neural sensory signals are relayed to the thalamus, EXCEPT for the sensation of:

extracellular sodium and potassium ion levels

Aldosterone regulates:

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH

High levels of testosterone inhibit the release of:

Cells of both the nervous system and the endocrine system release chemicals to communicate with cells.

How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar?

basilar artery

A cerebrovascular accident (CVA, or stroke) can occur due to a blockage in the:

acetylcholine

Which of the following hormones decreases heart rate, and thus cardiac output and blood pressure?

subclavian vein

Into which vein does blood in the external jugular vein drain?

1%

A centrifuged sample of blood shows 53% plasma, 1% buffy coat, and 46% erythrocytes. What percent of the blood is composed of leukocytes and platelets?

antigens A and B

The ABO blood group is based on which antigen(s)?

cold

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

nasopharynx

Which pharynx region is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

respiratory zone

Pulmonary gas exchange occurs in the:

zygomatic

Which bone lacks a paranasal sinus?

pleural fluid

What reduces friction around the lungs as they expand and contract?

nasal conchae and meatuses

What increases air turbulence to extract dust and other debris from air traveling through the nasal cavity?

type 2 alveolar cells

What type of alveolar cell produces surfactant?

secrete mucus

What is the function of the goblet cells?

decrease the motility of muscular externa

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would:

proteins

Since her stomach was removed, Mrs. Lopez has the most difficulty initiating digestion of:

defecation

The final process to occur in the alimentary canal is:

liver

The gallbladder is located on the posterior side of the:

ingestion

What is the first process to occur in the digestive system?

10

What is net filtration pressure (NFP) in the glomerular capillaries, in mm Hg?

the renal pelvis

Urine drains from a major calyx into:

hilum

The indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the:

renal corpuscle

The process of filtration occurs at the:

ANP dilates the afferent arteriole and constricts the efferent arteriole

How does atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) contribute to a decrease in blood volume and systemic blood pressure?

GFR will increase

What effect does high blood pressure have on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the absence of regulatory mechanisms?

hydrogen ions

The pH of the blood primarily depends upon a normal concentration of:

water

What is the main component of all body fluids?

pH of 10

Determine the pH value that represents a basic, or alkaline, solution.

Na+/K+ pump

What maintains the potassium ion concentration in the cytosol of cells?

potassium ion

What is most abundant intracellular cation?

testosterone

Which of the following is the main hormone that regulates spermatogenesis?

female climacteric, or menopause

When menstruation has ceased for at least one year, what has occurred?

puberty

At what point in life does spermatogenesis begin in a male?

crossing over

What shuffles the alleles and causes homologous chromosomes to no longer be identical during meiosis?

genital herpes

Which of the following is NOT a bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

intramuscular injections of the Depo-Provers shot

A female wants to take a hormonal contraceptive that contains progesterone only. What could be an option?

14 chromosomes

A parent cell has 28 chromosomes and completes meiosis. How many chromosomes result in each cell produced?

4

How many spermatids result from one spermatogonium?

secondary oocyte

Which of the following can be fertilized?

condoms

If a couple want to have sexual intercourse, and they do not wish to use a behavior method as a form of birth control since they know it comes with high risk. What could be an alternative method?

myometrium

What portion of the uterus is composed of smooth muscle and contracts rhythmically during orgasm and childbirth?

spermatogenesis

The process of male gamete, or sperm cell, development is known as:

childbirth

Parturition is also known as

increased blood pressure

What cardiovascular changes are NOT typically expected in a pregnant female?

expulsion

During which stage of labor does the fetal head crown?

fetal period

By which period of prenatal development will the placenta be fully formed?

The possible blood types of the offspring are phenotypes A or B only.

Predict the possible blood types, or phenotypes, of offspring in which the father has blood type O and the mother has blood type AB.

the primitive streak

The head and tail regions, ventral and dorsal regions, right and left sides are established by:

his mother only

In order for a male to inherit a sex-linked (X-linked) disorder, he must receive the allele from:

lungs collapse

What happens as a result of a pneumothorax?

breathing rate becomes rapid

How will breathing rate change with hyperventilation?

volume of that can be maximally exhaled at the end of tidal expiration

What does Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) measure?

serosa

Which layer of the alimentary canal is composed of simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue?

temperature

When doing the amylase activity, you will be examining the effect of which of the following variables on enzyme activity?

presence of sugars

What does Benedict's reagent test for when analyzing amylase activity?

average human body temperature (37 degrees celsius)

What is the optimal temperature for amylase activity?

fatty acids and monoglycerides

What are the building blocks of lipids?

renal pelvis

What part of the kidney is continuous with the ureter?

renal pelvis

Which of these structures DOES NOT enter/exit the kidney at the hilum?

distal tubule

After the nephron loop, where in the renal tube would a urea molecule drain into next?

diet high in protein

If urine pH is low, it suggests:

erythrocyte

Which would NOT be able to pass through the filtration membrane of a functional nephron?

inside the scrotum

Where is the testis located?

epididymis

Which structure is the location where sperm maturation occurs?

skin

Where are the general senses located?

malleus

Which auditory ossicle is connected to the tympanic membrane?

humoral stimulation

Increasing levels of blood glucose stimulate the release of insulin. This type of stimulation is known as:

infundibulum

What connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?

G-protein

What serves as the link between the hydrophilic hormone serving as the first messenger and the second messenger?

left atrium

An insufficient mitral valve (bicuspid valve, or left atrioventricular valve) would allow the backflow of blood into the:

tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle

Blood in the right atrium should travel next past the:

End Diastolic Volume (EDV)

What largely determines preload?

influx of sodium ions

What ion movement changes the membrane potential in a contractile cell from negative to positive?

rising arteriolar pressure

Under what conditions will the myogenic mechanism slow blood flow into a capillary bed?

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

The function of red blood cells is to:

neutrophil

What is the most common type of leukocyte in a healthy adult?

memory T cells

What cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunological memory in which the immune response is expedited upon subsequent exposure to an antigen?

occurs after the first exposure to an antigen

The primary immune response:

liver

What organ is responsible for producing most of the plasma proteins known as the complement system?

tonsils

What mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) traps pathogens entering the nasal and oral cavities?

blood cell production

The respiratory system does NOT function in:

type 2 alveolar cells

What does NOT form the respiratory membrane?

heart

Which organ's position causes the left lung to be shaped differently from the right lung?

The nose warms, humidifies, and filters inhaled air.

What is the advantage of breathing through the nose rather than the mouth?

diameter of the conducting zone passageways

What primarily determines airway resistance in the respiratory passageways?

vagus nerve

Which cranial nerve stimulates acid secretion during the stomach's gastric phase?

inhibits digestive processes

The sympathetic nervous system:

bile storage

The removal of the gallbladder will affect:

accessory pancreatic duct

Which of the following does NOT transport bile?

glomerular capillaries

Which of the following is the capillary bed fed by the afferent arteriole and drained by the efferent arteriole?

the openings to the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice.

The trigone of the urinary bladder is created by:

500 ml

How much urine is lost through obligatory water loss each day?

cytosol (intracellular fluid), interstitial fluid, plasma

The following represents the main locations fluids are found in the human body. Rank these body fluids in order from the fluid that accounts for most in the human body to the fluid that accounts for the least.

electrolyte

Which of the following dissociates into ions when placed in water?

cytosol

Which of the following fluids has the greatest concentration of potassium ions?

ejaculation

Semen is expelled from the body during:

Testosterone

Which of the following is the main hormone that regulates spermatogenesis?