Global History II Final

Coalition Government (Instability)

A government controlled by a temporary alliance of several political parties.

Weimar Republic

The republic that was established in Germany in 1919 and ended in 1933

Rise of Fascism

political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule.

Axis Powers

Germany, Japan, Italy

Appeasement

The making of concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid war

Treaty of Versailles

required that Germany pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all of its overseas colonies.

Totalitarianism

A system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state

Kristallnacht

“Night of Broken Glass” - the night of November 9, 1938, on which Nazi stormtroopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues throughout Germany

NAZI invasion of Poland

by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union; which marked the beginning of World War II.

Blitzkrieg

“Lightning War”—a form of warfare in which surprise attacks with fast-moving airplanes are followed by massive attacks with infantry forces

Battle of Stalingrad

A 1942-1943 battle of Worl War ll, in which German forces were defeated in their attempt to capture the city of Stalingrad in the Soviet Union.

Battle of the Bulge

A 1944-1945 battle in which Allied forces turned back the last major German offensive of World War ll

Nuremberg Trials

A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity

Japanese Internment (USA)

Japanese American internment was the forced relocation by the U.S. government of thousands of Japanese Americans to detention camps during World War II

Potsdam Conference

Promise of Free Elections in Eastern Europe

Iron Curtain

the boundary separating the Communist nations of Eastern Europe from the mostly democratic nations of Western Europe

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization—a defensive military alliance formed in 1949 by ten Western European nations, the United States, and Canada

Warsaw Pact

A military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and seven Eastern European countries

Mao Zedong

Leader of the Chinese Communists; he led a successful revolution and established a Communist government in China in 1949

Jiang Jieshi

Chinese general and politician; he succeeded Sun Yixian as leader of the Nationalist Party in China and led attacks against Communists in China in the 1920s

People’s Republic of China

Mao Zedong proclaimed the PRC from atop Tiananmen after a near complete victory by the Chinese communist party after the Chinese civil war (began Oct. 1, 1949)

Taiwan

officially the republic of China (ROC) is a country in Easy Asia. Located at the junction of East and South China seas in the Pacific Ocean

Cultural Revolution

A 1966–1976 uprising in China led by the Red Guards, with the goal of establishing a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal (get rid off colleges and schools as intellect and art were seen as bad)

Great Leap Forward

economic and social campaign led by communist party

Ayatollah Khomeini

Iranian political and religious leader; he led a revolution to overthrow the Shah of Iran’s government in 1979; he ruled the country for the next ten years

Korean War

conflict between communist North Korea and democratic South Korea

Nationalism in India

movement calling for self-government and domain status for India

Amritsar Massacre

Killing by British troops of nearly 400 Indians gathered at Amritsar to protest the Rowlatt Acts

Mohandas Gandhi

Leader of India’s struggle for independence from Great Britain; he organized the population for protest through the methods of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience

Salt March

A peaceful protest against the Salt Acts in 1930 in India in which Mohandas Gandhi led his followers on a 240-mile walk to the sea, where they made their own salt from evaporated seawater

Partition of India

A division into parts, like the 1947 division of the British colony of India into the two nations of India and Pakistan

Battle of Kashmir

war between India and Pakistan for princely state of Kashmir

 

Negritude Movement

A movement in which French-speaking Africans and West Indians celebrated their heritage of traditional African culture and values

Arab-Israeli Wars

five Arab nations invaded the territory in the former Palestinian mandate immediately following the announcement of the independence of the state of Israel on May 14, 1948

1956 Suez Crisis

invasion of Egypt in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the United Kingdom and France

Camp David Accords

Egypt recognized Israel as a legitimate state and Israel agreed to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt

Six-Day War

Israel defeated 3 Arab countries and transformed its self into an occupier and regional powerhouse

Rise of the Taliban

Conservative Islamic group that took control of Afghanistan after the Soviet Union withdrew its troops; driven from power by U.S. forces in December 2001 because of its harboring of suspected terrorists